General Semantics

Question 1

I.A. Richards

Answer 1

argued that communication studies should also include the listener.

Question 2

Rhetoric scope, goal and emphasis

Answer 2

Scope: Public rhetoric
Goal: How to persuade
Emphasis: Speaker/source

Question 3

Semantics scope, goal and emphasis

Answer 3

Scope: Everyday communication between people
Goal: How to avoid misunderstandings
Emphasis: Listeners/receivers

Question 4

What does the semantic triangle demonstrate?

Answer 4

That there is no natural, absolute connection between the symbol and the referent. (dotted line)

Question 5

What does the ladder of abstraction do?

Answer 5

Proves the abstractness of symbols.

Question 6

Symbols are ambiguous because

Answer 6

their meanings change and are unclear.

Question 7

Context refers to what?

Answer 7

1) history between the communicators
2) setting of the communication
3) thoughts and feelings of the communicators.

Question 8

What are 4 ways to be clearer when communicating according to I.A. Richards?

Answer 8

1) Intensional v.s. extensional orientation –> words v.s. reality –> words are misleading so check your facts.
2) Etc. –> a reminder of all the variable meanings our words have.
3) Indexing –> reminder that meanings change over time and circumstance
4) Feedforwarding –> plan our communication

Question 9

Intensional Orientation

Answer 9

What’s inside of us, our own definitions.

Question 10

Extensional Orientation

Answer 10

Based on observation

Question 11

Indexing

Answer 11

Meanings vary and change over time and circumstance

Question 12

Etc.

Answer 12

A reminder of all the variable meanings our words have

Question 13

Feedforwarding

Answer 13

The process of anticipating the effects of communication and adapting to these anticipated effect before actually communicating with others.