General Science, module 11 Flashcards
Define “Appendicular skeleton”.
The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.
Define “exoskeleton”.
A body covering, usually made of chitin, that provides support and protection.
Define “symbiosis”.
A close relationship between two or more species in which at least one benefits.
What three things make up the human superstructure?
The skeleton, the muscles, and the skin.
What are the two main differences between smooth muscles and skeletal muscles?
Skeletal muscles are voluntary, while smooth muscles are involuntary. Skeletal muscles are long and striped, while smooth muscles are smaller and smoother.
What is keratinization? What is it used for?
Keratinization is a process which waterproofs a cell by transforming the cytoplasm into keratin. It leaves the cell very hard and durable.
What two principal substances make up bone?
Collagen, which makes bones flexible, and minerals, which make them tough.
What is the difference between compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue?
In compact bone tissue, the minerals and collagen are packed tightly together, while the spongy bone tissue has open spaces in it.
Define “Axial skeleton”.
The portion of the skeleton that supports the head, neck, and trunk.
What are the two main functions of hair?
Insulation and sensation.
What are the two main functions of sweat?
Cooling your skin and supporting the bacteria and fungi that live on it.
Why do your skin cells constantly fall off your body?
Because the outer layer of keratinized cells is dead and only lasts a short time.
What do the sebaceous glands produce and what are the substance’s uses?
The sebaceous glands produce oil that softens your skin and suppresses the attachment of pathogenic bacteria.
