Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho Study Guide > General Questions > Flashcards

General Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What stores electrolytes and acts as an electrolyte pool in the body?

A

Bone and Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the normal range of sodium?

A

135-145mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of insensible water loss?

A

Breathing
Talking
Sweating
Excretion through stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the body maintain acid-base balance?

A

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system (kidneys and lungs)
Phosphate system
Hemoglobin system
Proteins System
Respiratory regulation
Renal regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What systematic effects occur during an inflammatory response?

A

Elevated temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the outcome of histamine release?

A

Boosts blood flow and causes inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of histamine during allergic reactions?

A

Released by mast cells in basophils

  • triggering the inflammatory process
  • increasing the permeability of capillaries to WBCs and other proteins.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the prevention methods of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Checking skin for abnormal changes
Using broad 30+ SPF
Avoid tanning
Protection during sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What changes occur in elderly skin?

A

Decreased sensation of pain, vibration, cold, heat, pressure and touch.

Loss of elasticity and moisture

Decreased wound healing

Decrease subcutaneous fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?

A

WIDESPREAD PAIN for at least 3 months

  • When COGNITIVE and SOMATIC symptoms are present.

Usually fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What physical assessment technique can assess for kidney disease?

A

Palpation of the costal vertebral angle

Tenderness is abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the importance of dialysis?

A

Removes excess fluids and waste from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is fluid and sodium retention regulated in the body?

A

The kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal flow of urine?

A
  1. Collecting duct
  2. Renal pelvis
  3. Ureter
  4. Bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis?

A
  • NO reliable screening test
  • DIFFICULT to treat
  • Often METASTASIZED by diagnosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is significant about an imbalance in PTH (parathyroid hormone)?

A

Works opposite to calcitonin to regulate calcium levels

Calcium down, PTH up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is cerebral palsy classified?

A

BASED ON MOVEMENT DISORDER INVOLVED
1. Spasticity: stiff muscles (80%)
2. Dyskinesia: uncontrollable movements
3. Ataxia: Poor balance/coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic for ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The following causes edema….

A

Decreased plasma protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intracellular fluid has higher levels of this electrolyte…

A

Magnesium and Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This takes place when a client has hypotension…

A

Increases ICP
Brain swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A HF client presents with bilateral pitting edema, this is an example of a…

A

Sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The following fluids shift IV fluids from the extracellular into the Intracellular space….

A

Hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fluid distribution between the Intracellular and extracellular space occurs via

A

Osmosis

26
Q

Electrolyte movement through the capillary walls occurs via…

A

Diffusion

27
Q

_____is the role of the lungs in balancing acid-bases.

A

Carbonic acid elimination

28
Q

_____ and ______ are the chemical mediators responsible for an inflammatory response.

A

Histamine
Prostaglandins

29
Q

What dialates vessels in the nose causing nasal stuffiness/congestion?

A

Histamine release

30
Q

This following disease is marked by an immune response working in excess…

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

31
Q

This type of WBC plays a role in cell-mediated immunity and immunoglobulin production…

A

Lymphocytes

32
Q

A vaccine provides this type of immunity….

A

Acquired Artificial Immunity

33
Q

A metastatic cancer patient exhibits this….

A

Cells invade local tissues and invade neighboring cells

34
Q

A tumor, node, metastasis characterization of T2, N1, M0 indicates…

A

Tumor is locally invasive
Regional lymph nodes involvement
No metastasis

35
Q

____is assessed in a client with atopic dermatitis.

A

Pruritus

36
Q

_____is a skin change due to histamine release.

A

Erythema

37
Q

A lack of vitamin____/calcium puts an adult client at risk for osteomalacia.

A

Vitamin D

38
Q

A deficiency of Vitamin D results in this disorder…

A

Rickets

39
Q

____and_____define complications of compartment syndrome.

A

Pain and tissue damage

40
Q

A client with a new fibromyalgia diagnosis would exhibit what?

A

Fatigue

41
Q

_____is a key feature of Paget’s disease

A

Enlarged thick bones

42
Q

_______is likely to cause a mechanical bowel obstruction.

A

Intussusception

43
Q

This client is at increased risk of pancreatitis

A

A clients with a stone lodged in the pancreatic duct.

44
Q

Hepatitis ___and___is transmitted via the oral-fecal route.

A

A and E

45
Q

_____dysfunction is associated with the onset of esophageal varices.

A

Liver

46
Q

Dysphasia, weight loss, chest pain, bloody emesis in a GERD client indicates symptoms of ______cancer.

A

Esophageal

47
Q

A complication of end-stage cirrhosis with vomiting is a marker for______.

A

Bleeding Esophageal Varices

48
Q

A key characteristic of breeding gastric ulcers is_______.

A

Black Tarry Stool

49
Q

_______occurs with Hepatitis B patients.

A

Inflamed, enlarged liver

50
Q

______results in pre-renal kidney injury.

A

Hemorrhage

51
Q

_______is related to over secretion of renin.

A

Hypertension

52
Q

Pyelonephritis is due to the______of E. Coli that causes infection.

A

Ascent

53
Q

The onset of urinary casts due to a post streptococcal glomerulonephritis infection is a result of what?

A

Inflamed tubules that COMPRESS RBCs and proteins into a mass.

54
Q

A client with Type 1 diabetes and ESRD will likely manifest….

A

Lethargy and Confusion

55
Q

_____ ______ arises in severe kidney disease clients with hypo or hyperkalemia.

A

Cardiac Arrhythmias

56
Q

_______and______indicate early acute renal failure.

A

Low GFR and High Urea levels

57
Q

Azotemia is defined by excess _____and_____in the blood.

A

Urea and Nitrogen

58
Q

A nurse should monitor _____and____in a client with CKD to determine sodium retention status.

A

Weight and Blood pressure

59
Q

The nurse should monitor for______in clients with large renal calculi.

A

Hydronephrosis

60
Q

A malignant bladder tumor will likely result in what clinical manifestation?

A

Painless hematuria

Patho Study Guide (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions