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Patho Study Guide > Clinical Manifestations > Flashcards

Clinical Manifestations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the physiological effect of HYPOnatremia

A

Anorexia
Low BP
GI upset
Weak pulse (hypovolemia)
Bounding pulse (hyervolemia)
Cerebral Edema
Lethargy
Confusion
Coma
Seizures
Headache
Diminished deep tendon reflexes

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2
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Fluid Volume Overload

A

HYPERvolemia
Crackles
Bounding pulses
Rapid weight gain
Edema in the legs arms and face
Abdominal swelling and cramping
Shortness of breath
High blood pressure

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3
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Metabolic Acidosis

A

Dysrhythmias
HYPOtension
Kussmaul respiration (rapid,deep)
Malaise
Shock
Coma
HYPERkalemia
Anorexia
Weakness
Fatigue
Lethargy
Warm flushed skin
Headache

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4
Q

Clinical manifestations of Anaphylaxis

A

HYPOtension
Construction of airway, bronchioles
Dilation peripheral vessels
Weak, rapid pulse
Itching
Hives
Flushed, pale skin

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5
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

A

Red to brownish-gray skin patches

Pruritis

Lichenified, cracked or scaly skin

Irritated, sensitive skin from scratching

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6
Q

Clinical manifestations of Pediculosis (Lice infestation)

A

Pruritic macules or papilla where lice have bitten to consume blood

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7
Q

Clinical manifestations of Gout (uric acid inflammatory disease)

A

Pain at the affected joint
(Throbbing, crushing, burning or excruciating)

May present with tophi ( uric acid crystals deposited in soft tissue) in cooler areas of the body

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8
Q

Clinical manifestations of Osteoporosis

A

Asymptomatic in early stages
Height reduction
Osteopenia
Kyphosis
Bone pain and tenderness
Fractures
Low back and neck pain

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9
Q

Clinical manifestations of Dislocation (separation of two bones at joint)

A

Paresthesia (pins & needles) near injury

Visibly out of place, discolored or deformed joint

Bruising or swelling

Limited movement

Intense pain

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10
Q

Clinical manifestations of Osteomalacia and Rickets (softening and weakening of bone)

A

Difficulty w/ ambulation or waddling gait

Skeletal deformities

Delayed growth in height or limbs

Dental issues

Bone pain, muscle weakness

Vitamin D and calcium deficiency

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11
Q

What are the complications of Compartment syndrome?

A

Pressure impinging on the nerves and blood vessels, compromising the distal extremities (necrosis and pain)

Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis

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12
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Fibromyalgia

A

Paresthesia

IBS

Fatigue

memory problems

Depression

Widespread pain and stiffness

Sleep disturbances

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13
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Osteoarthritis

A

Crepitus

Bone spurs

Limited ROM

Pain in joints exacerbated by movement

Joint tenderness

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14
Q

Clinical manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Anemia
Anorexia
Fatigue
Unsteady gait
Limited ROM
Depression
Joint pain stiffness

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15
Q

Clinical manifestations of Paget Disease (abnormal bone destruction)

A

HYPERcalcemia
Paresthesia
Skeletal deformities
Hearing and vision loss
Reduced height

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16
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Hepatitis B

A

Dark-urine
Clay/light colored stools
Anorexia
Coryza
Cough
Malaise
Jaundice
Arthritis
Myalgias
Photophobia
Pharyngitis
Nausea and Vomiting

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17
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Esophageal Varices (enlarged veins)

A

Hematemesis
Black tarry bloody stools
Jaundice
Loss of consciousness
Easy bleeding or bruising
Ascites (fluid build up in abdomen)
Lightheadedness

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

A

Fatigue
Malaise
Cirrhosis
Anorexia
RUQ discomfort
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Portal hypertension
Nausea

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of Cirrhosis?

A

Ascites

Portal hypertension

Enlarged veins

Varicosities in the esophagus and abdomen

Slow or severe esophagus bleeding

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20
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Esophageal Cancer

A

Dysphasia
Odynophagia
Chest pain
Weight loss
Hematemesis
Halitosis

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21
Q

What is the outcome for patients of esophageal cancer?

A

Because it is typically asymptomatic in the early stages, treatment is usually delayed leading to a late diagnosis and poor prognosis.

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22
Q

What are the complications of End Stage Liver Cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Rectal Varices
Esophageal Varices
Splenomegaly
Ascites
Edema
Encephalopathy
Jaundice
Sclera Icterus

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23
Q

What is the main clinical manifestation of Gastric Ulcers?

A

Pain that worsens with eating

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24
Q

Clinical manifestations of Increased Renal Secretion

A

Decrease Urinary Output

Increased Blood Pressure

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25
Q

Clinical Manifestations of End-Stage Renal Disease

A

Metallic taste in mouth
Anorexia
Pruritis
Nausea and Vomiting
High Blood Pressure
Changes in urinary output
Fatigue and weakness
Edema in feet and ankles
Decreased mental state
Shortness of breath

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26
Q

Clinical manifestations of BPH

A

Frequency, urgency, difficulty, retention, weak urinary stream

Nocturia
Erectile dysfunction
Overflow incontinence
Bladder distention

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27
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Malignant Bladder Tumor

A

Painless hematuria
Anemia
Abnormal urine color
Frequency
Dysuria
UI
Nocturia
UTIs
Pain in back, abdominal and pelvic

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28
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

A

Dark-reddish Brown urine
Edema in the face (around eyes) and in hands and feet
Dysuria
Fatigue
Anemia

29
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Renal Calculi

A

Colicky pain
Flank pain (radiates lower abdomen and groin)
Bloody, cloudy, foul-smelling urine
Dysuria
Frequency
Genital discharge
Nausea and vomiting
Fever/chills (infection)

30
Q

What disease is associated with PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)?

A

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

31
Q

What are the early signs of prostatitis?

A

Dysuria

Difficulty, Frequency, urgency urination

Painful ejaculation

Recurrent UTIs

32
Q

What are the symptoms of Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation)?

A

Cramping pain that impairs usual daily activity and begins at the conclusion of ovulation and continues through menstruation.

Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Headaches
Dizziness

33
Q

Clinical manifestations of Testicular Torsion

A

Hard, painful, palpable mass

Testicular enlargement, discomfort, and pain

Gynecomastia

34
Q

Clinical Manifestations of HYPERTHYROIDISM

A

Sudden weight loss
Tachycardia
Dysrhythmias
HTN
Diaphoresis
Tremor
Increased appetite
Goiter
Anxiety/nervousness
Increased HEAT sensitivity
Diarrhea
Difficulty concentrating, irritability

35
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Cushing Syndrome

A

Moon face
Buffalo Hump
Truncal Obesity
Delayed growth and development
Insulin Resistance
Osteoporosis
HYPERtension
Psychosis
Hirsutism
ED
HYPOkalemia
Broad, purple abdominal, breast, and thigh striae
HYPERpigmentation
Increased infections, delayed wound healing

36
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Addison’s Disease

A

HYPOtension
HYPOglycemia
HYPOnatremia
HYPOchloremia
HYPERkalemia
HYPERpigmentation
Anorexia
Chronic Diarrhea
Mouth lesions
Pallor
Weight loss
Slow sluggish movements
Salt cravings

37
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Pheochromocytoma (chromaffin tumor)

A

Reflections of the fight-or-flight response

HYPERtension
HYPERglycemia
Tachycardia
Dysrhythmia
Angina
Anxiety
Paresthesia
Profound Diaphoresis
Tachypnea or Dyspnea
GI pain
Pale, cool, clammy skin
Constipation

38
Q

Clinical Manifestations of MS (neuroinflammatory disease)

A

Fatigue
Ataxia
Paresthesia
Unsteady gait
Difficult moving, limb weakness
Tremor in limbs
Constipation/stool leakage
Incontinence, frequency, urgency, hesitancy urination
Vision changes

39
Q

Cerebral Palsy causes are associated with…

A

Prematurity
Low birth weight
Breech births
Multiple fetuses
Hypoxia during birth
Maternal/child Hypoglycemia
Cerebral hemorrhage
Neurologic infections

40
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Cerebral Palsy

A

Persistence of early reflexes
Developmental delays
Ataxia
Spasticity
Flaccidity
Hyperreflexia
Asymmetrical walking gait

41
Q

Clinical Manifestations Meningitis

A

Fever/chills
LoC change
Photophobia
Bulging fontanelle
Opisthotonos
Tachycardia
Rash
Agitation

42
Q

Clinical Manifestations of TIA (transient ischemic attack)

A

Muscle weakness/paralysis of the face, arm, or leg UNILATERAL

Paresthesia on one side
Aphasia
Dysphasia
Difficult reading
Changes in mood emotions and personality, sensation
Agnosia
Ataxia

43
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Parkinson’s Disease

A

Slowing or stopping of automatic movements
Dystonia
Dysphasia
Drooling
Myalgia
Anosmia
Urinary hesitancy, urgency, leading to incontinence
Mask-like appearance to face
Muscle cramps

44
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Cerebral Aneurysm

A

Diplopia and loss of vision
Headache
Eye and neck pain
Sudden severe headache indicating aneurysm has ruptured

45
Q

Clinical Manifestations of ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

A

Footdrop
Lower extremity weakness
Hand weakness
Clumsiness
Slurred speech
Dysphasia
Muscle cramps
Twitching
Fasciculations in the upper extremities and the tongue

46
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Myasthenia Gravis (autoimmune nerve condition)

A

Breathing difficulty
dysphasia
difficulty climbing stairs, lifting objects, or rising from a seated position Dysarthria
Dropping head
Facial paralysis/weakness
Fatigue
Hoarseness
Changing voice
Eye/vision issues

47
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Huntington’s Chorea (degeneration of neurons)

A

Early signs include: driving
Learning new things
Remember facts
Answering questions
Making decisions
Handwriting

48
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Spinal Cord Injury’s

A

Breathing difficulties
Loss of normal bowel/bladder function
Sensory changes
Spasticity
Pain
Weakness/paralysis
BP instability
Temp fluctuations
Diaphoresis

49
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Autoimmune Dysreflexia

A

Severe or pounding headache
Chills/goosebumps
Sweating
Changes in vision
Anxiety
Flushed or splotchy skin
Nasal congestion
Slow heart rate

50
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Dementia

A

Memory loss
Difficulty speech
Personality changes
Bowel or bladder incontinence
Disorientation
Hallucinations
Loss of judgement
Difficulty performing familiar tasks

51
Q

Clinical manifestations of pneumothorax

A

Sudden chest pain of affected lungs
Chest tightness
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Pallor
Absent tactile fremitus
Hyperresonance
Decreased breath sounds
Anxiety
Asymmetrical chest movement
Tracheal deviations

52
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Emphysema

A

Exertional Dyspnea
Diminished breath sounds
Wheezing
Tachypnea
Chest tightness
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Increased anterior-posterior thoracic diameter; leading to barrel chest appearance

53
Q

Clinical Manifestations of TB

A

Productive cough
Hemoptysis
Night sweats
Fever
Chills
Fatigue
Anorexia
Unexplained weight loss

54
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Viral Pneumonia

A

Nonproductive cough
Low grade fever
Normal WBC count
Minimal change on x ray
Less severe

55
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Bacterial Pneumonia

A

Productive cough
High fever
Elevated WBC count
Infiltration visible on x ray
More severe

56
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Bronchitis

A

Nonproductive cough that can become productive
Clear sputum
Purulent/blood sputum
Dyspnea
Wheezing
Abnormal lung sounds
Pharyngitis
Malaise
Myalgia
Chest discomfort

57
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Hemophilia (internal bleeding disorder)

A

Bleeding seen early on in life
Petechiae
Brushing
GI bleeding
Hematuria

58
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Leukemia (Cancer of the leukocytes)

A

Leukopenia
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Joint swelling
Bone pain
Weight loss
Anorexia
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
CNS dysfunction

59
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Lymphoma

A

Swollen, painless lymph nodes
Cough
SOB
Retrosternal chest pain
Weight loss
Persistent fever
Night sweats
Generalized Pruritius
Malaise
Recurrent infections
Splenomegaly

60
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease

A

Symptoms like those with hemolytic anemia

Swelling of feet hands and fever

61
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Epstein-Barr

A

Initial flu like symptoms for 1-3 days

Intensity, phase with severe sore throat, fever, and lymphopathy

Acute phase that last 2-3 weeks or months

62
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Multiple Myeloma (Cancer of the plasma Cells)

A

Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Decreased bone density
Bone pain
HYPERcalcemia
Renal impairment

63
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Anemia

A

Weakness
Fatigue
Pallor
Syncope
Dyspnea
Tachycardia

64
Q

Clinical Manifestations of ITP (immune thrombocytopenia purpura)

A

Abnormal bleeding ( petechiae, mucosal bleeding, epistaxis, purpura)

65
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Iron-Deficiency Anemia

A

Cyanosis of sclera
Brittle spoon shaped nails
Decreased appetite
Headache
Irritability
Stomatitis
Pica
Delayed hearing
Neuro impairment

66
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Pernicious Anemia

A

Bleeding gums
Diarrhea
Positive Babinski sign
Impaired smell
Loss deep tendon reflex
Anorexia
Personality and memory changes
Stomatitis
Paresthesia
Unsteady gait

67
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Aplastic Anemia

A

Abdominal pain
bone pain
dyspnea
delayed growth/development
fatigue
fever
jaundice
tachycardia
skin ulcers on lower legs
angina
excessive thirst
frequent urination
priapism
vision impairment
frequent infections

68
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Shock

A

Thirst/dry mucus membranes
Tachycardia
Thready Pulse
Restlessness
Anxiety
Irritability
Tachypnea progressing to Cheye stokes respirations
Cool pale dry skin
HYPOtension
Cyanosis
Confusion
Dizziness/Syncope
Decreased urinary output

Patho Study Guide (9 decks)

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