General Principles Flashcards
Examples of steroid hormones
sex hormones
cortisol
vitamin D3
aldosterone
Examples of peptide hormones
insulin glucagon growth hormone FSH LH ADH ACTH Thyrotropin Oxytocin
What kind of molecule is TSH? (steroid, glycoprotein etc?)
glycoprotein
Examples of amine
thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), epinephrine, norepinephrne, dopamine
Amine hormones usually come from which amino acid
Tyrosine
Which second messenger system is needed for recruitment of GLUT 4?
Which hormone activates it?
Receptor tyrosine kinases using PI3K
Insulin activates this pathway
PIP3 recruits which protein kinase to activate GLUT 4 channels
Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)
Which second messenger system is needed for upregulation of transcription factors for growth using insulin
Receptor tyrosine kinases using RAS/MAPK
What are the major endocrine glands
hypothalamus pituitary thyroid parathyroid pancreas adrenal gland ovaries testis
The nervous system controls hormone release from which gland
Adrenal gland ( medulla)
What are the components of the endocrine axis
(1) hypothalamic neurons
(2) anterior pituitary cells
(3) peripheral endocrine glands
If there is overproduction of a hormone at the peripheral gland level what effects would there be on the hypothalamus and pituitary
there would be inhibition of both structures, causing less releasing hormone from the hypothalamus and less secreting hormone from the pituitary
“tropic hormones” are released from which structures in the endocrine axis
pituitary
difference between the physiological response driven and endocrine axis driven negative feedback
In the physiologic feedback, the circulatoryy component produced by the the hormone inhibits the endocrine gland
While in the endocrine axis, the hormone itself inhibits the pituitary or hypothalamus
The suprachiasmatic nuleus is responsible for what?
circadian rhythm
