Anatomy and Embryology of the Endocrine Glands

Question 1

What are the three lobes of the pituitary

Answer 1

Anterior, intermediate and posterior lobe

Question 2

In what structure does the pituitary gland lie

Answer 2

Lie in the sella turcica

Question 3

The pituitary is covered superiorly by which structure

Answer 3

Diaphragma sella

Question 4

The pituitary is below which structure

Answer 4

Optic chiasm

Question 5

The pituitary is near which structures in the cavernous sinus

Answer 5

internal carotid artery and CN VI

Question 6

The arteries that supply the pituitary are branches of which artery?

Answer 6

Internal carotid artery

Question 7

Which arteries supply the pituitary

Answer 7

superior and inferior hypophyseal artery-

Question 8

Which lobe of the pituitary comes from the stomodium

Answer 8

Anterior lobe

Question 9

The anterior pituitary comes from which germ layer

Answer 9

Surface ectoderm (of the oral cavity)

Question 10

The posterior pituitary comes from which germ layer

Answer 10

Neural ectoderm

Question 11

Persistence of Rathe’s Pouch leads to which structure

Answer 11

A pharyngeal hypophysis

Question 12

Craniopharyngiomas develop from remnants of which structure and leads to which 3 symptoms

Answer 12

• Remnant of Rathke’s Pouch

- Causes hydrocephalus, pituitary dysfunction and bitemporal hemianopia

Question 13

The thyroid gland develops from which germ layer

Answer 13

Endoderm

Question 14

Structure that connects the descending thyroid to the tongue

Answer 14

Thyroglossal duct

Question 15

At which week does the thyroid reach its final position

Answer 15

7th week

Question 16

The 3rd pharyngeal pouches give rise to which structures

Answer 16

inferior parathyroid and thymus

Question 17

The 4th pharyngeal pouches give rise to which structures

Answer 17

superior parathyroid and parafollicular C cells

Question 18

In Di George Syndrome there is failure of neural crest cells to form the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches which leads to what?

Answer 18

3rd: thymic hypoplasia/aplasia, cleft palate
4th: hypocalcemia

Question 19

Which adrenal gland is dome shaped

Answer 19

Left adrenal gland

Question 20

The adrenal cortex is derived from which germ layer

Answer 20

mesoderm

Question 21

The adrenal medulla is derived from which germ layer

Answer 21

neural crest cells

Question 22

The suprarenal arteries are branches of which arteries

Answer 22

inferior phrenic
abdominal aorta
renal artery

Question 23

Which adrenal gland drain into the renal vein

Answer 23

Left adrenal gland

Question 24

All of the pancreas is retroperitoneal except

Answer 24

the tail

Question 25

The arteries that supply the pancreas are branches of which arteries

Answer 25

gastroduodenal artery
SMA
Splenic artery

Question 26

Which one of the pancreatic ducts passes from the tail towards the head and joins the bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla, which enters the major duodenal papilla

Answer 26

The major pancreatic duct

Question 27

The lining and glands of the pancreas are from which germ layer

Answer 27

yolk sac endoderm

Question 28

the muscle and connective tissue of the pancreas is from which germ layer

Answer 28

splanchnic mesoderm