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My Endocrinology > Anterior Pituitary > Flashcards

Anterior Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary

A

TSH, GH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, ACTH

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2
Q

The hypothalamus is linked to the anterior pituitary by

A

The hypothalamohypophyseal portal system

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3
Q

The hypothalamus is linked to the posterior pituitary by

A

The hypothalamohyphophyseal tract

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4
Q

Function of parvicellular neurons

A

secrete releasing or inhibiting neurohormones

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5
Q

Which hormone is usually under inhibition by the hypothalamus

A

Prolactin

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6
Q

Which hormone inhibits prolactin

A

dopamine

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7
Q

Which hormone stimulates secretion of prolactin

A

TRH

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8
Q

Which hormone inhibits GH secretion

A

Somatostatin

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9
Q

GH acts on which peripheral tissue

A

The liver

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10
Q

Which hormones are proopiomelanocortin

A

ACTH and MSH

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11
Q

In which nuclei is TSH synthesized

A

Paraventricular nuclei

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12
Q

What are the taget cells for gonadotropins in females

A

Granulosa and thecal cells

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13
Q

What are the taget cells for gonadotropins in males

A

Sertoli and Leydig cells

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14
Q

Fast GnRH pulses causes release of which hormone

A

LH

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15
Q

Slow GnRH pulses causes release of which hormone

A

FSH

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16
Q

ACTH has high affinity for which receptors in the adrenal cortex

A

MC2R

17
Q

What is the role of ACTH in the adrenal cortex

A

steroidogenesis and cell growth of the cortex

18
Q

Which receptor is responsible to activate MSH

A

MC1R

19
Q

Disruption of the pituitary stalk or the hypothalamohypophyseal portal vessels causes levels of all tropic hormones to decrease except ______

A

Prolactin

20
Q

Apart from dopamine, which other substances can inhibit prolactin secretion

A

Somatostatin, TSH, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GH

21
Q

Prolactin inhibits release of which hormone

A

GnRH

22
Q

Which two substances can inhibit GnRH release

A

Beta endorphin and prolactin release

23
Q

Which condition can inhibit GH secretion

A

Obesity

24
Q

Which conditions can stimulate GH secretion

A

Arginine, exercise and starvation

25
Q

Four main effects of GH secretion

A

increased lipolysis, increased protein synthesis, increased gluconeogenic enzymes, decreased glucose uptake

26
Q

GH favors which kind of bone growth before and after puberty

A

longitudinal bone growth before puberty, circumferential bone growth after puberty

27
Q

GH is transported in serum by which protein to affect bone growth?

A

It is transported by IGFBP-3

28
Q

GH stimulates hepatic production of which three molecules to increase bone growth

A

IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and ALS

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