Anterior Pituitary

Question 1

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary

Answer 1

TSH, GH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, ACTH

Question 2

The hypothalamus is linked to the anterior pituitary by

Answer 2

The hypothalamohypophyseal portal system

Question 3

The hypothalamus is linked to the posterior pituitary by

Answer 3

The hypothalamohyphophyseal tract

Question 4

Function of parvicellular neurons

Answer 4

secrete releasing or inhibiting neurohormones

Question 5

Which hormone is usually under inhibition by the hypothalamus

Answer 5

Prolactin

Question 6

Which hormone inhibits prolactin

Answer 6

dopamine

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates secretion of prolactin

Answer 7

TRH

Question 8

Which hormone inhibits GH secretion

Answer 8

Somatostatin

Question 9

GH acts on which peripheral tissue

Answer 9

The liver

Question 10

Which hormones are proopiomelanocortin

Answer 10

ACTH and MSH

Question 11

In which nuclei is TSH synthesized

Answer 11

Paraventricular nuclei

Question 12

What are the taget cells for gonadotropins in females

Answer 12

Granulosa and thecal cells

Question 13

What are the taget cells for gonadotropins in males

Answer 13

Sertoli and Leydig cells

Question 14

Fast GnRH pulses causes release of which hormone

Answer 14

LH

Question 15

Slow GnRH pulses causes release of which hormone

Answer 15

FSH

Question 16

ACTH has high affinity for which receptors in the adrenal cortex

Answer 16

MC2R

Question 17

What is the role of ACTH in the adrenal cortex

Answer 17

steroidogenesis and cell growth of the cortex

Question 18

Which receptor is responsible to activate MSH

Answer 18

MC1R

Question 19

Disruption of the pituitary stalk or the hypothalamohypophyseal portal vessels causes levels of all tropic hormones to decrease except ______

Answer 19

Prolactin

Question 20

Apart from dopamine, which other substances can inhibit prolactin secretion

Answer 20

Somatostatin, TSH, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GH

Question 21

Prolactin inhibits release of which hormone

Answer 21

GnRH

Question 22

Which two substances can inhibit GnRH release

Answer 22

Beta endorphin and prolactin release

Question 23

Which condition can inhibit GH secretion

Answer 23

Obesity

Question 24

Which conditions can stimulate GH secretion

Answer 24

Arginine, exercise and starvation

Question 25

Four main effects of GH secretion

Answer 25

increased lipolysis, increased protein synthesis, increased gluconeogenic enzymes, decreased glucose uptake

Question 26

GH favors which kind of bone growth before and after puberty

Answer 26

longitudinal bone growth before puberty, circumferential bone growth after puberty

Question 27

GH is transported in serum by which protein to affect bone growth?

Answer 27

It is transported by IGFBP-3

Question 28

GH stimulates hepatic production of which three molecules to increase bone growth

Answer 28

IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and ALS