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Ansc 201 > General Physiology > Flashcards

General Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define cells

A

functional units of the body

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2
Q

Define tissues

A

a group of cells with a specific function

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3
Q

Define organs

A

a group of tissues with a specific function

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4
Q

Define systems

A

a group of organs with a specific function

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5
Q

Define viscera

A

soft organs

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6
Q

What cavities are in the body

A

thoracic and abdominal

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7
Q

What is contained in the thoracic cavity?

A

heart and lungs

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8
Q

What is contained in the abdominal cavity?

A

digestive organs and reproductive organs

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9
Q

What separates the body cavities?

A

The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

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10
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front (opposite of posterior)

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11
Q

Cranial

A

toward the head

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12
Q

Lateral

A

to the side

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13
Q

Medial

A

situated in the middle

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14
Q

Posterior

A

behind (opposite of anterior)

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15
Q

Caudal

A

toward the tail

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16
Q

Ventral

A

abdominal or near the abdominal wall (opposite of dorsal)

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17
Q

Dorsal

A

on or near the spinal column (opposite of ventral)

18
Q

Proximal

A

closest to a given reference point (opposite of distal)

19
Q

Distal

A

farther from a given reference point (opposite of proximal)

20
Q

Describe the external environment animals inhabit

A

gaseous, animals breath air

21
Q

Describe the internal environment of animals

A

aqueous

22
Q

What are the fluid filled spaces of the body?

A
  1. intracellular
  2. interstitial
  3. circulatory system
23
Q

What is intracellular fluid?

A

The fluids within cells that make up 45% of body weight

24
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

The fluids between cells that make up 17% of body weight

25
Q

Describe the liquids of the circulatory system

A

blood plasma that makes up 6% of body weight

26
Q

How much of the body is water?

A

roughly 65%

27
Q

Define homeostasis

A

the combination of body mechanisms that cause the body to maintain an equilibrium (relatively constant) internal environment

28
Q

What systems are involved in maintaining homeostasis?

A

Circulatory
Respiratory
Urinary
Digestive
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine

29
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

To make adjustments to maintain equilibrium.

30
Q

What do nervous system receptors do? What are some examples?

A

detect changes in the environment

external: ears, eyes, etc
internal: receptors that detect changes in blood, etc

31
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

The somatic nervous system controls skeletal movements.

32
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

controls involuntary bodily functions

33
Q

What are the branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

34
Q

Describe the sympathetic system

A

controls emergency body response, fight or flight

35
Q

Describe the parasympathetic system

A

the system in control at rest; rest and digest

36
Q

What is a conditioned reflex?

A

a learned behavior due to a repeated stimulus

37
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

secrete organic substances to be exchanged by the circulatory system.

Typically takes a longer time, and occurs when a change in the environment (usually internal) requires a specific response for altering cell environments.

38
Q

What are hormones? What types are there?

A

Hormones are a chemical substance secreted by a ductless gland.

Types:
1. Proteins: made from amino acid chains
2. Steroids: derivatives of cholesterol
3. Amino acids derivatives: made from individual amino acids

39
Q

Exocrine vs. endocrine

A

exocrine: secreted out of the body (ex. mammary gland secretes milk)

endocrine: compounds secreted into the blood

40
Q

What are the two types of target organs for hormones?

A

general and specific

Ansc 201 (14 decks)

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