Animal Products and Overview Flashcards
Cattle Genus
Bos
Cattle Newborn
Calf
Cattle Mature Male
Bull
Cattle Mature Female
Cow
Cattle Young Male
Bull calf
Cattle Young Female
Heifer calf
Castrated male cattle
Steer
Birth process for cattle is called?
Calving
Dog Genus
Canis
Newborn Dog
pup
Mature Male Dog
Dog
Young Male Dog
Pup
Mature Female Dog
Bitch
Young Female Dog
pup
Birth process of dogs?
whelping
Goat Genus
Capra
Newborn goat
kid
mature male goat
buck
young male goat
buck kid
mature female goat
doe
young female goat
doe kid
castrated male goat
wether
The birthing process for goats is called?
kidding
Horse Genus
Equus
newborn horse
foal
mature male horse
stallion
young male horse
colt
mature female horse
mare
young female horse
filly
castrated male horse
gelding
The birthing process of horses is called?
Foaling
Chicken Genus
Gallus
Newborn Chicken
chick
mature male chicken
cock
young male chicken
cockerel
mature female chicken
hen
young female chicken
pullet
castrated male chicken
capon
The birthing process of chicken is called?
hatching
Sheep Genus
Ovis
Newborn sheep
lamb
mature male sheep
ram
young male sheep
ram lamb
Mature female sheep
ewe
young female sheep
ewe lamb
castrated male sheep
wether
birth process for sheep
lambing
Swine Genus
Sus
Newborn swine
pig
mature male swine
boar
young male swine
boar pig
mature female swine
sow
young female swine
gilt
castrated male swine
barrow
birthing process for swine
farrowing
Cat Genus
Felis
Newborn cat
kitten
mature male cat
Tom
young male cat
kitten
Mature female cat
Queen
young female cat
kitten
birth process for cats
queening/littering
Some examples of ruminants (four stomach compartments) or modified ruminants are…
goats, deer, cattle, sheep, elk, bison, water buffalos, giraffes, yaks, camels
Some examples of monogastrics (one stomach compartment) are ….
dogs, cats, chickens, horses, swine, humans, rats, mice
What percent of people in the U.S. are involved in agriculture?
around 2%
What is the average percent of people working in agriculture in the world overall?
43%
What trend exists between income and supply/consumption of animal products?
As income increases, the percent of protein supply from animal sources increases.
What trend exists surrounding the size and number of U.S. farms?
The number of farms in the U.S. has decreased by half since 1951, but the average farm size has increased.
Why are U.S. farms so productive?
- Free enterprise system encourages productivity and has no quotas on production
- Land and climate conditions
- Education system provided by Land Grant Schools
- Specialization in agribusiness and research
What trend exists in the U.S. for percent income spent on food?
The percent income spent on food has been dropping for the last 50-80 years. In 2021, 10.3% of personal income was spent on food.
What trend exists in people supplied by farm workers?
Farmers have steadily supplied more people with food. In 2020, one farmer supplied 166 people with food compared to just 9 people in 1930.
What percentage of protein consumed in the U.S. comes from animals?
64%
What percentage of protein consumed by the world comes from animals?
34%
What percent of the calorie supply in the U.S. comes from animals?
27%
What percent of the calorie supply comes from animals for the entire world?
18%
Which country leads the world in meat production?
China
What is the leading meat in the U.S. compared to the leading meat in the world?
Chicken leads in the U.S. while pork leads in the world.
What makes meat an important source for nutrition?
- Its amino acid assortment most closely matched the needs of the human body compared to plants
- Minerals in meat such as iron and zinc, along with vitamins like B12 are needed by humans
Which protein is considered to be the “most valuable?”
Egg protein, followed by milk protein
For what reasons are animals important to humans?
- food
- clothing
- work and power
- companionship and recreation
- Research for human health benefits
What percent of the world relies on animals for transportation or work purposes?
20%
What percentage of homes in the U.S. owned a pet as of 2021?
70%
Name some research benefits of animals
- animals serve as models for almost 200 human diseases
- artificial organs
- transgenic animals - “pharming”: use of animals to produce pharmaceuticals
- Xenotransplantation: transfer of animal tissues to humans
Consumption trends by animals
- Beef consumption is decreasing
- Poultry consumption is increasing
- Pork consumption has stayed relatively the same
- Lamb consumption is very low and has stayed that way
- Fish consumption has increased
- Egg consumption has increased
- Consumption of saturated fats has increased as more fats today come from oils or fats than from meats
Which domesticated animals are the most prolific, and in which countries?
- Chicken : China
- Cattle : India
- Ducks : China
- Sheep : China
- Swine : China
Consumption trends of milk and dairy products?
- Fluids decreased
- Cheese increased
- butter increased
- yogurt increased
- frozen dairy products have decreased
Reasons for changing trends in consumption
- diet, health issues
- consumer concerns other ethical production
- economics
- marketing
organic foods
are foods that are produced under National Organic Program (NOP) through the USDA; highly regulated
natural foods
a product containing no artificial ingredient or added color and is only minimally produced; produced in a manner that does not fundamentally alter it; less regulated than organic foods
local foods
no clear federal definition; different areas have different definitions of what constitutes “local”
neutraceuticals
functional foods; foods with added health benefits
ex. orange juice fortified with Vitamin D
