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Pharamacology > General Pharm > Flashcards

General Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Name two drugs that are obtained from plant source

A

Atropine, Hyoscine

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2
Q

Give two examples of orphan drugs

A

Sodium thiosulphate, paramomycin

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3
Q

Give an example of rational fixed dose combination

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulinic acid
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Levodopa + Carbidopa

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4
Q

Name a drug administered by subcutaneous route

A

Insulin

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5
Q

Name two routes of drug administration that bypass fpm

A

Sublingual, transdermal, IV

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6
Q

Transdermal patch drugs

A

Hyoscine, Fentanyl, Nicotine, GTN

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7
Q

A drug that is administration as inactive form and is activated in the body..

A

Prodrug

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8
Q

Name 2 Phase 1 drug metabolism reactions

A

Oxidation Reduction Hydrolysis Cyclization Decyclization

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9
Q

Which microsomal enzyme is involved in Activation of clopidogrel

A

CYP2C19

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10
Q

Name a drug eliminated by Hoffman’s elimination

A

Atracurium, Cisatracurium

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11
Q

What is expected when Rifampin is co administered with OCPs

A

Enhanced metabolism of OCP, so baby

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12
Q

The volume of drug eliminated per unit time

A

Clearence

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13
Q

To hasten elimination of barbiturates, urine must be

A

Alkalinized

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14
Q

T1/2

A

Time taken to reduce plasma conc to half it’s original value

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15
Q

Phase 4 clinical trials aka..

A

Post marketing surveillance

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16
Q

Maintenance dose of drug is mainly governed by..

A

Clearance and T1/2

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17
Q

Therapeutic index is measure of…

A

Gap between drug reaction and adverse effect drug reaction

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18
Q

Which type of receptor does growth hormone receptor belongs to..

A

G protein coupled receptor

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19
Q

Name a drug that Produces both physical and psychological dependance

A

Opioids

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20
Q

Give an example of pharmacogenetic factor that causes drug toxicity

A

G6PD deficiency, Hemodialysis

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21
Q

An inert substance used as a control in clinical trials

A

Placebo

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22
Q

Duration of action of IV depends on

A

Conc of drug

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23
Q

Bioavailability

A

The rate and extent of absorption of drug from a dosage form in any route

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24
Q

Volume of distribution of drug is calculated hy..

A

Administered dosage IV / plasma conc

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25
Q

Redistribution phenomenon

A

Highly lipid soluble drugs

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26
Q

Loading dose depends on the following factor

A

Volume of distribution

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27
Q

An enzyme inhibitor

A

Isoniazid

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28
Q

Hemodialysis is useful in

A

Low volume of distribution drugs, RF patients

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29
Q

Effective drug removal from the body

A

Clearence

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30
Q

Redistribution phenomenon is seen in

A

Anesthetics, Thiopentine sodium

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31
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A

SICKFACES.COM
Sodium valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Alcohol, grape fruit juice
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulphonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole

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32
Q

Drugs that cause hemolysis in patients with G6PD

A

Primaquine, Aspirin, Methyl Dopa

33
Q

Antagonism between acetylcholine and atropine

A

Competitive

34
Q

Efficacy. Potency.

A

Efficacy is the maximum response elicited by the drug
Potency is amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect

35
Q

Example of Inverse agonist

A

DMCM act on Benzodiazepines

36
Q

Therapeutic monitoring is done in

A

Narrow spectrum drugs eg. Digoxin, phenytoin

37
Q

Therapeutic index is calculated by

A

LD50/ED50

38
Q

Phase 1 clinical trials is done for assessing

A

Safety, tolerance, adr, pk

39
Q

Normal healthy human participates in..

A

Phase 1

40
Q

Absorption of which drug is increased when given with fatty mean

A

Itraconazole

41
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Rapid short term onset of drug tolerance when given in quick succession

42
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

ADR that only occurs in a small faction due to genetic mutations or abnormalities

43
Q

Teratogenicity

A

Ability of drug to cross placenta

44
Q

First order, Zero order

A

First order - constant fraction eliminated per unit time
Zero order - specific amount is eliminated per unit time
(WATT Power)
Warfarin
Aspirin
Theophylline
Tolbutamide
Phenytoin

45
Q

Pharmacovigilence

A

Detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of ADR

46
Q

Agonist, Antagonist

A

Agonist activates a receptor
Antagonist prevents activation of agonist

47
Q

Two drugs obtained from animal source

A

Insulin, Heparin

48
Q

Drugs have two generic names

A

Paracetamol or Acetaminophen

49
Q

Generic drugs

A

Drug that is a copy of the original drug whose patency has ended

50
Q

Maximum volume of fluid that can be injected Intramuscularly

A

10ml

51
Q

Which route of maximum has maximum Bioavailability, what is Bioavailability

A

IV, fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation

52
Q

Fpm is seen in

A

Oral drugs

53
Q

A drug having high volume of distribution Vd requires …… and ….. for quick onset of action

A

High lipid solubility and low ionisation

54
Q

How many half lives required for complete elimination of drug from the body..

A

3 - 4

55
Q

Which expired drug is toxic when used..

A

Tetracycline

56
Q

Side effect seen only in children

A

Chloramphenicol - Grey baby syndrome

57
Q

Allergy to penicillin is what HS

A

1

58
Q

Name 2 poisions for which gastric lavage (cleaning out stomach contents using tube) must not be done

A

Kerosene, CNS stimulants

59
Q

Dependence seen in withdrawal syndrome

A

Physical

60
Q

Nephrotoxic drugs eg.

A

Gentamicin, Tobramycin

61
Q

Which receptor does the insulin receptor belong to

A

Tyrosine kinase receptors

62
Q

….. Antagonism causes flattening of dose response curve

A

Non competitive

63
Q

Non competitive antagonist example

A

Ketamine on NMDA receptor

64
Q

Generic name examples

A

Hyoscine / Scobalamide, Lidocaine / Lignocaine

65
Q

Drugs which must display “to be sold on the prescription of registered medical practitioner only” is under..

A

Schedule H

66
Q

Narcotics and opioid come under

A

Schedule X

67
Q

Weakly acidic drugs are better absorbed in

A

Acidic ph

68
Q

Inhibitor of p glycoprotein

A

VACINE Q
Verapamil
Amiodarone
Cyclosporine
Itraconazole
Nifedipine
Erythromycin
Quinidine

69
Q

Drugs having high fpm that it cannot be given orally

A

Lidocaine, Isoprenaline

70
Q

Metabolizes most drugs

A

CYP3A4/5

71
Q

Name enzyme inducer drugs

A

GPRS CP
Griseofulvin
Phenolphthalein
Rifampicin
Sulfonamide
Chloramphenicol
Phenytoin

72
Q

… has higher fpm in women than men

A

Ethanol

73
Q

Half lives to attain steady plasma conc of drug

A

4 - 5

74
Q

Contact dermatitis is which HS

A

4

75
Q

Serum sickness is HS

A

3

76
Q

Drug which has different function based on route

A

Magnesium sulfate (Oral, IV, IM, IO)
Oral - constipation
Parenteral - to maintain Mg levels

77
Q

Name a drug that accumulating in body tissues on chronic use

A

Digoxin (in the heart and skeletal muscles)
Chloroquine (in the eye)

78
Q

In a log dose response curve, ED50 is the measure of the drug’s..

A

Median effective dose

79
Q

Minimum dose of drug that Produces an observable response is called..

A

Potency

Pharamacology (8 decks)

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