General Pharm Flashcards by Vihrteshwar Unknown

Name two drugs that are obtained from plant source

Atropine, Hyoscine

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Give two examples of orphan drugs

Sodium thiosulphate, paramomycin

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Give an example of rational fixed dose combination

Amoxicillin + Clavulinic acid
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Levodopa + Carbidopa

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Name a drug administered by subcutaneous route

Insulin

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Name two routes of drug administration that bypass fpm

Sublingual, transdermal, IV

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Transdermal patch drugs

Hyoscine, Fentanyl, Nicotine, GTN

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A drug that is administration as inactive form and is activated in the body..

Prodrug

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Name 2 Phase 1 drug metabolism reactions

Oxidation Reduction Hydrolysis Cyclization Decyclization

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Which microsomal enzyme is involved in Activation of clopidogrel

CYP2C19

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Name a drug eliminated by Hoffman’s elimination

Atracurium, Cisatracurium

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What is expected when Rifampin is co administered with OCPs

Enhanced metabolism of OCP, so baby

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The volume of drug eliminated per unit time

Clearence

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To hasten elimination of barbiturates, urine must be

Alkalinized

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T1/2

Time taken to reduce plasma conc to half it’s original value

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Phase 4 clinical trials aka..

Post marketing surveillance

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Maintenance dose of drug is mainly governed by..

Clearance and T1/2

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Therapeutic index is measure of…

Gap between drug reaction and adverse effect drug reaction

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Which type of receptor does growth hormone receptor belongs to..

G protein coupled receptor

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Name a drug that Produces both physical and psychological dependance

Opioids

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Give an example of pharmacogenetic factor that causes drug toxicity

G6PD deficiency, Hemodialysis

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An inert substance used as a control in clinical trials

Placebo

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Duration of action of IV depends on

Conc of drug

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Bioavailability

The rate and extent of absorption of drug from a dosage form in any route

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Volume of distribution of drug is calculated hy..

Administered dosage IV / plasma conc

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Redistribution phenomenon

Highly lipid soluble drugs

Loading dose depends on the following factor

Volume of distribution

An enzyme inhibitor

Isoniazid

Hemodialysis is useful in

Low volume of distribution drugs, RF patients

Effective drug removal from the body

Clearence

Redistribution phenomenon is seen in

Anesthetics, Thiopentine sodium

Enzyme inhibitors

SICKFACES.COM Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol, grape fruit juice Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulphonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole

Drugs that cause hemolysis in patients with G6PD

Primaquine, Aspirin, Methyl Dopa

Antagonism between acetylcholine and atropine

Competitive

Efficacy. Potency.

Efficacy is the maximum response elicited by the drug Potency is amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect

Example of Inverse agonist

DMCM act on Benzodiazepines

Therapeutic monitoring is done in

Narrow spectrum drugs eg. Digoxin, phenytoin

Therapeutic index is calculated by

LD50/ED50

Phase 1 clinical trials is done for assessing

Safety, tolerance, adr, pk

Normal healthy human participates in..

Phase 1

Absorption of which drug is increased when given with fatty mean

Itraconazole

Tachyphylaxis

Rapid short term onset of drug tolerance when given in quick succession

Idiosyncrasy

ADR that only occurs in a small faction due to genetic mutations or abnormalities

Teratogenicity

Ability of drug to cross placenta

First order, Zero order

First order - constant fraction eliminated per unit time Zero order - specific amount is eliminated per unit time (WATT Power) Warfarin Aspirin Theophylline Tolbutamide Phenytoin

Pharmacovigilence

Detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of ADR

Agonist, Antagonist

Agonist activates a receptor Antagonist prevents activation of agonist

Two drugs obtained from animal source

Insulin, Heparin

Drugs have two generic names

Paracetamol or Acetaminophen

Generic drugs

Drug that is a copy of the original drug whose patency has ended

Maximum volume of fluid that can be injected Intramuscularly

10ml

Which route of maximum has maximum Bioavailability, what is Bioavailability

IV, fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation

Fpm is seen in

Oral drugs

A drug having high volume of distribution Vd requires ...... and ..... for quick onset of action

High lipid solubility and low ionisation

How many half lives required for complete elimination of drug from the body..

3 - 4

Which expired drug is toxic when used..

Tetracycline

Side effect seen only in children

Chloramphenicol - Grey baby syndrome

Allergy to penicillin is what HS

Name 2 poisions for which gastric lavage (cleaning out stomach contents using tube) must not be done

Kerosene, CNS stimulants

Dependence seen in withdrawal syndrome

Physical

Nephrotoxic drugs eg.

Gentamicin, Tobramycin

Which receptor does the insulin receptor belong to

Tyrosine kinase receptors

..... Antagonism causes flattening of dose response curve

Non competitive

Non competitive antagonist example

Ketamine on NMDA receptor

Generic name examples

Hyoscine / Scobalamide, Lidocaine / Lignocaine

Drugs which must display "to be sold on the prescription of registered medical practitioner only" is under..

Schedule H

Narcotics and opioid come under

Schedule X

Weakly acidic drugs are better absorbed in

Acidic ph

Inhibitor of p glycoprotein

VACINE Q Verapamil Amiodarone Cyclosporine Itraconazole Nifedipine Erythromycin Quinidine

Drugs having high fpm that it cannot be given orally

Lidocaine, Isoprenaline

Metabolizes most drugs

CYP3A4/5

Name enzyme inducer drugs

GPRS CP Griseofulvin Phenolphthalein Rifampicin Sulfonamide Chloramphenicol Phenytoin

... has higher fpm in women than men

Ethanol

Half lives to attain steady plasma conc of drug

4 - 5

Contact dermatitis is which HS

Serum sickness is HS

Drug which has different function based on route

Magnesium sulfate (Oral, IV, IM, IO) Oral - constipation Parenteral - to maintain Mg levels

Name a drug that accumulating in body tissues on chronic use

Digoxin (in the heart and skeletal muscles) Chloroquine (in the eye)

In a log dose response curve, ED50 is the measure of the drug's..

Median effective dose

Minimum dose of drug that Produces an observable response is called..

Potency