Chemo 2 (TB, Anti Helminthic, Anti Viral, Anti Retroviral, Anti Protozoal, Anti Malarial, Anti Fungal) Flashcards by Vihrteshwar Unknown

Which of the 1st anti tb drugs are not hepatotoxic

Ethambutol and Streptomycin

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Which of the 1st line anti tb drugs are bacteriostatic

Ethambutol - bacteriostatic
Pyranzinamide - both bactericidal and static

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The most hepatotoxic anti tb drug

Pyrenzinamide

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50 year old man diagnosed with pulmonary tb was started on anti tb drugs his physician prescribed pyridoxine, to reduce neurotoxicity. Which drug was it given for..

Isoniazid (B6 prevents peripheral neuropathy)

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Which drug causes color blindness

Ethambutol (optic neuritis)

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Which is the most injectable anti tb

Streptomycin

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Name the quinolone with maximum efficacy

Moxifloxacin

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Which 1st line tb drug undergoes acetylation in the liver

Isoniazid

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ADR of Isoniazid

Hepatotoxicity, Peripheral neuropathy, Psychosis, Seizures, anemia
Rare - Shoulder hand syndrome, SLE

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Which 1st line anti tb is given in RF

Rifampicin

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If the patient is resistant to this 1st line anti-tubercular drug, he is said to have drug resistant TB.

MDR TB

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Define XDR-TB

MDR TB + resistance to secondary TB drugs, injectables, fluroquinolones

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What is the MOA of each of the 1st line anti-tubercular drugs

H - (-) Mycolic acid synthesis
R - (-) DNA dependent RNA polymerase
E - (-) Arbynosyl transferase —> (-) Arbinogalactan synthesis
Z - (-) Mycolic acid synthesis

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_______, a 1st line anti-tubercular drug, is a microsomal enzyme inducer

Rifampicin

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Which 1st line anti-tubercular drug causes red urine?

Rifampicin

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Inclusion of __________ in initial 2 months enables regimes to be shortened by 1/3rd

Pyrenzinamide

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Name two 1st line anti-tubercular drugs that cause hyperuricemia

Ethambutol (Hyperuricemia, Optic neuritis)

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Why must Ethambutol be used with caution in children?

Visual Impairment

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_____, a fluoroquinolone, is used in MAC infections

Moxi, Oflo, Levo, Cipro

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Which 2nd line anti-tubercular drug causes depression and psychosis as adverse effects?

Cycloserine

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_________, a 2nd line anti-tubercular drug, is preferred in genitourinary TB

Cycloserine

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When is Rifabutin used in the treatment of TB

Heart therapy

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Name 2 drugs used to treat filariasis

Diethylcarbamazine and Ivermectin

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Which drug used to treat filaria, can kill both adult worms & microfilaria?

Diethylcarbamazine

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_____ can be used as oral treatment of the ectoparasites (lives outside host), lice & scabies

Ivermectin

is used a single oral dose for the treatment of soil transmitted helminths

Mebendazole (500mg) Albendazole (400mg)

Name an oxazolidinone used only in the treatment of TB

Tedizolide, used in XDR TB

Name two tuberculocidal new drugs used in the treatment of drug resistant TB

Bedaquiline,

What is the MOA of Albendazole?

inhibits microtubule formation in parasites, leading to impaired glucose uptake and parasite immobilization

_______ is used to treat neurocysticercosis

Praziquantel

Name an antihelminth that causes flaccid paralysis of the worm, which can then be expelled from the intestine with the help of a purgative

Piperazine

_______ is used to treat hydatid cyst

Albendazole

Name an antihelminth that causes tonic paralysis of the worm, which can then be expelled from the intestine with the help of a purgative

levamisole, pyrantel pamoate

____ can be used to treat Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Diethylcarbamazine

_______ is used for treatment of tapeworm

Praziquantel, Albendazole, Metronidazole

Treatment of choice for HSV encephalitis ____

Acyclovir

Treatment of choice for chicken pox ____

Acyclovir

What is the advantage of Valacyclovir over Acyclovir?

Improved oral bioavailability due to active transport of peptide transporters in intestine, and greater half life

Name 2 drugs used in the treatment of Cytomegalovirus?

Ganciclovir, Cidofovir

______ is an antisense oligonucleotide used in the treatment of CMV

Fomiversen

________ is used to treat swine flu

Oseltamivir

_______ is a Neuraminidase inhibitor given through inhaled route

Zanamivir

Palivizumab is used to prevent _______ infection

Pediatric respiratory tract inf

Name two anti-viral drugs used in COVID infection

Ritonavir Remdesivir

Name 2 anti-retroviral drugs safe in pregnancy

Zidovudine, Lamivudine

Name 2 anti-retroviral drugs that are effective against both HIV & HBV

TDF (Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) , TAF (Tenofovir Alafenamide)

Name 2 anti-retroviral drugs that are used in pre-exposure prophylaxis

TDF/Emtricitabine, TAF/Emtricitabine

HLAB5701 screening is done before prescribing this anti-retroviral drug

Abacavir

Name an anti-retroviral drugs that is available in gel formulation for pre-exposure prophylaxis

Tenofovir gel

_______ is a nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

TDF

Which NRTI requires Only 2 intracellular phosphorylations for activation?

TAF

Which group of anti-retrovirals are most susceptible to development of resistance?

NNRTI

_______, an NNRTI, causes vivid dreams

Efavirenz

Lipodystrophy is commonly seen with ____ & _____ groups of drugs when treating HIV

Protease inhibitors, NRTI

______ is used in boosted PI regimen

Ritonavir

______ is a CCR5 inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV

Maraviroc

______ is a fusion inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV

Enfuviritide

______ is a maturation inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV

Ibalizumab

Name 2 integrase inhibitors

Dolutegravir, Raltegravir

Name 2 drugs that are used in radical cure of malaria

Chloroquine +Primaquine/Tefloquine

Name 2 drugs that have gametocidal action against malaria

Primaquine, Tefloquine

Eradication of liver hypnozoites is required for ____ & _____ species of malaria

Vivax and Ovale

Treatment of choice for P vivax malaria

Chloroquine (3days) Primaquine (14days)

Name a drug regimen used in the treatment of P falciparum malaria

Artesunate, Fandsiar, Primaquine NE: Artesunate Lumifantrine

What is the MOA of Chloroquine?

inhibit the action of heme polymerase tropozoites, which convert heme to hemozoin

Name 4 other uses of Chloroquine

Amoebic liver abscess, Rheumatoid arthritis, DLE, infectious mononucelosis

Bulls eye maculopathy is seen during long term use of _____

Chloroquine long term use causes macula degeneration aka Bulls eye maculopathy

_______ is derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree

Quinines

Cinchonism is seen with the use of ______

Quinine, Quinidine

_______ is a long acting anti-malarial drug with neuropsychiatric adverse effects

Mefloquine

Fansidar is a combination of _____ & _____ used in the treatment of P falciparum malaria

pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine

_____ is the longest acting anti-malarial drug

______ is a single dose alternative to 14-day ________regimen for radical cure of malaria

What is rationale behind Artemisinin-based combination therapy?