GENERAL PATHOLOGY - CANCER / DIABETES / OBESITY Flashcards
What is Diabetes ?
Its the absence, deficit or Resistance to insulin leading to Hyperglycaemia.
What are the two different types of Diabetes ?
- TYPE 1 ( Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus )
- TYPE 2 ( Non insulin dependant DM )
What is the Pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes.
(Linked with viral infection and autoimmune disease)
The pancreas produces beta cells that produces insulin.
However, the destruction of beta cells by the autoimmune process prevent this from happening.
What is the Pathophysiology of type 2 Diabetes.
Multifactorial causes affect the B-CELLS function and the tissue sensitivity to Insulin.
They produce enough insulin, but the glucose cant enter due to the fat blocking the receptors.
What are the Risk factors for Type 1 and 2 Diabetes.
TYPE 1
- Family History
- Viral Infection
TYPE 2
- Obesity
- Hypertension
- Poor Lifestyle
- Diet
What are the different management for Diabetes.
TYPE 1
- Insulin Injections
TYPE 2
- Insulin tablets
- Life style changes
What is Obesity ?
Its a term that describes an Individual who is very over weight with lots of body fat.
Eating too much and not moving around is generally a cause for Obesity.
What are the other cause of Obesity.
- INCREASE CALORIE INTAKE
- POOR DIET
- DECREASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- GENETICS
- MEDICAL REASONS
Where do calories go ?
- THERMIC EFFECT OF FOOD / THERMOREGULATION ( 8% )
- PHYSICAL ACTIVITY / RECOVERY FROM IT [EPOC] ( 20-40% )
- BASAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE ( 55 % )
How does Obesity affect Physiotherapist.
- Increased number of patients w/ obesity related health complications (cva)
- Increase staff levels ( need to help carry people )
Physiotherapy management for Obesity.
- Post Bariatric Surgery Care
- Safe physical activity
- Lifestyle advice and education
What are the difference between Cancer and a Tumour.
Cancer is a highly invasive and destructive neoplasms.
Tumour is a collection of cells that have lost genetic control of proliferation and differentiation.
What are the two different kinds of Tumours ?
- ) BENIGN
- They are differentiated cell that Mitose normally and there is a relatively slow growth.
- The mass expands and its capsulated so it remains localised. - ) MALIGNANT
- undifferentiated cell that mitose atypically and grow rapidly.
- The mass vary in size and shape as the cells are not adhesive due to not having any capsule so it remains localised.
What are some common signs of cancer ?
- Unusual Bleeding / discharge
- Change in bowel and bladder function
- A change in wart / mole
- A sore that doesn’t heal
- Unexplained weight loss
- Anaemia ( low Hb )
- Persistent cough
- lumps and Bumps
What are the three possible goals for treating cancer ?
- ) Completely eradicate the neoplasm
- ) Control the continued growth and spread
- ) Reduce symptoms without curing the cancer
