General Overview Flashcards
Bacteria have a nucleus.
True or false?
False (prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus)
Bacteria have chemically complex cell walls.
True or false?
True
Bacteria have no plasma membrane or cell wall?
True or false?
True
Bacterial cell division is by mitosis?
True or false
false (binary fission)
Bacteria have histones?
True or false?
False
Unique cell wall component of a GRAM POSITIVE bacteria.
Lipoteichoic acid (for antigenicity)
Unique cell wall component of GRAM NEGATIVE bacteria.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Unique cell wall component of mycobacteria.
Mycolic acid
Lipid A is an endotoxin. True or false?
True
How do bacteria and fungi cause disease (pathogenesis)?
complex interaction between host, pathogen and environment
what is a pathogen?
a microbe that can cause disease
What is pathogenesis?
Mechanism by which cause disease
What is virulence?
degree of pathogenicity includes severity
What are virulence factors?
properties or traits found in isolates that cause disease but which are not found in isolates of the same species that lack the ability to cause disease
What is predisposition?
what predisposes an animal to infectious disease
The majority of bacteria are intracellular pathogens. True or false?
False (majority are extracellular pathogens)
What disease causes a type IV hypersensitivity?
Tuberculosis
What are some gram positive cocci?
- Staphylococcus
- streptococcus
- enterococcus
- micrococcus
What are some acid fast partial bacteria?
- corynebacterium
- rhodococcus
- nocardia
What is a true acid fast bacteria?
mycobacterium
What are some gram negative anaerobes?
- fusobacterium
- bactericides
- dichelobacter
Gram negative cocci are not common clinical isolates? True or false?
True
What are gram negative spirochetes?
- Brachyspira
- Borrelia
- leptospira
- Treponema
What are some spiral gram negative bacteria?
- campylobacter
- helicobacter
- lawsonia
What are some vector borne bacteria?
- rickettsia
- neorickettsia
- anaplasma
- ehrlichia
- aegyptinella
- coxiella
What are some cell wall deficient bacteria?
- mycoplasma
- ureaplasma
What specific sterol is present in fungi?
ergosterol
Fungi contain peptidoglycan too. True or false?
False (glucan, mannan, chitin)
What is the unicellular form of fungi called?
yeast
What is the multicellular form of fungi called?
mold or hyphae
What are some hyaline fungi?
Apergillus and Dermatophytes
What are some yeasts?
- candida
- Malassezia
- Cryptococcus
What are some dimorphic fungi?
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Coccidioides immitis
- Sporothrix schenckii
What are some fungal like organisms?
- pythium
- lagenidium
- prototheca
What are some laboratory diagnosis that detects antibodies?
- ELISA
- agglutination
- precipitation
- immunochromatography
detection of cell mediated immune response?
- intradermal tests (tuberculin tests)
- lymphocyte proliferation test
What are two types of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)?
- disk diffusion test (Kirby Bauer test)
- broth/agar dilution test
What is MIC?
the minimum amount of drug required to inhibit bacterial growth
Drugs with lower MIC values are a better choice for treatment. True or false?
True
What is susceptibility break point?
- drug concentration above is resistant
- below is susceptible to that drug
For disk diffusion test you must use a bacterial isolate in pure culture. True or false?
True
What are organisms with innate resistance?
- enterococcus
- enterobacter
- pseudomonas
- actinetobacter
What are extended spectrum beta lactamase bacteria?
E. coli and Klebsiella sp.
Fluroquinolone are resistant to what bacteria?
Campylobacter jejuni
Multiple drug resistant bacteria?
E. coli and salmonella
MDR and XDR bacteria?
Mycobacterium pseudotuberculosis
Griseofulvin does what?
- bind to mitotic spindles
- inhibits mitosis
- PO
- used for dermatophytes
