Eye, ear, respiratory system Flashcards
What causes infectious bovine keratoconjuctivitis in cattle?
Moraxella bovis
What causes ovine keratoconjunctivitis?
Mycoplasma conjunctivae and Chlamydia pecorum
What causes otitis in calves?
Mycoplasma Boris and Histophilis somni (sleepers)
Bacterial and fungal infections are the primary cause of ear infections. True or false?
False they are secondary infections and you must look for underlying cause
What bacteria cause otitis externa?
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Enterococcus
- PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
- E. coli
- Malassezia pachydermatis (yeast)
What causes conjunctivitis in cats?
- Chlamydia felis (feline pneumonitis)
- Mycoplasma felis (mycoplasma conjunctivitis)
What are some systemic bacterial infections?
- Rickettsia
- Anaplasma
- Ehrlichia
- Brucellosis
- Leptospirosis
What are some systemic fungal infections?
- Blastomycosis
- Cryptococcus
- Histoplasmosis
- Cocidiodomycosis
- Protothecosis
What causes equine recurrent uveitis?
Leptospira infection
What causes guttural pouch mycosis?
- Streptococcus equi sub equi (occurs as complication)
- Aspergillus sp
What are some pathogens that can cause HORSE keratitis?
- Aspergillus
- Fusarium
- Candida
- Pseudomonas
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
Primary upper respiratory tract infections are caused mainly by bacteria. True or false?
False (primary is viral)
Bordetella bronchiseptica causes what in dogs?
Tracheobronchitis and pneumonia
Chronic rhino sinusitis may come from what fungi?
Aspergillosis and Cryptococcus
What causes nasal polyp/tumor like growth in animals and humans?
Rhinosporidium seeberi
What are some common systemic fungal infections with primary lung involvement (ex. pyogranulomatous lesions)?
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Coccidiodes immitis
Histoplasmosis causes what in dogs?
- GI involvement is common
- protein losing enteropathy
- peripheral lymphadenopathy
- polyarthropathy
- osteomyelitis
Histoplasmosis is a disseminated disease in cats. True or false?
True
Blastomycosis is endemic where?
Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio river valley
Blastomycosis involves what body parts?
Cutaneous, respiratory, ocular, bone forms are seen
Cryptococcosis involver what body parts?
Nasal cavity, CNS, ocular, GI
Cutaneous lesions is a marker for disseminated disease in what animal? (Cryptococcosis)
cats
Coccidiodomycosis causes what?
lung involvement with dissemination to bones
Where is coccidioidomycosis found?
Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico
Direct transmission of fungal infections always occurs. True or false?
False (its rare….its mainly environmental)
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis causes what?
Pleuritis and pyothorax
infectious tracheobronchitis is also called?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Necrotic laryngitis in cattle is caused by what?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Fusobacterium necrophorum is seen in what age of cattle and what stages of disease?
- 3-18 month old feed lot cattle
- acute to chronic infection
What can also cause laryngitis in cattle?
Histophilus somni
Which of the following bacteria is generally NOT involved in shipping fever pneumonia in cattle?
a. mannhemia hemolytica
b. pasturella multocida
c. histophilus somni
d. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
d. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Which bacteria are in the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex?
- mannheimia hemolytica
- pasteurella multocida
- histophilus somni
- mycoplasma bovis
- Truperella pyogenes
Mannheimia hemolytica is an important bacterial agent in shipping fever pneumonia. True or false?
True
What virulence factor is specific to Mannheimia haemolytica?
it secretes a ruminant specific leukotoxin
Mannheimia hemolytica is also called?
Bovine shipping fever (serofibrinous bronchopneumonia and pleuritis)
What causes enzoonotic pneumonia in calves?
- viruses
- Pasteurella multocida
- Mannheimia haemolytica
- Mycoplama bovis
What causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia?
Mycoplasma mycoides sub mycoides
REPORTABLE
What causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia?
mycoplasma capricolum sub capripneumoniae
Pasteurella multocida serotypes B1 and E2 causes what?
Hemorrhagic septicemia (not in US)
Mycoplasma Boris causes what in cattle?
- pneumonia
- mastitis and arthritis
Francisella tularensis is also known as?
Tularemia
What are the hosts of Francisella tularensis?
rabbits, hares, rodents and cats
What is the transmission of Francisella tularensis?
- tick and deer fly bites (vector borne)
- skin contact with infected animals
- ingestion of contaminated water
- inhalation of contaminated aerosols or agricultural dusts
What BSL its Fracisella tularensis?
BSL 3 and reportable
Humans typically get what type of infection from Fracisella tularensis?
Pneumonic
How do you get plague?
wild rodents and their fleas
What are the three types of plague?
- septicemic plague
- bubonic plague
- pneumonic plague
Progressive atrophic rhinitis in swine is from?
Pasturella multocida toxin PMT (osteoclasts) and Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin (in osteoblasts)
What causes non-progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Haemophilus parasuis is also known as?
Glasser’s disease
Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal of what?
nasal cavity, tonsil, trachea, and lung
Haemophilus parasuis causes what?
polyserositis, polysynovitis, meningitis
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes what in pigs?
- porcine pleuropneumonia
- hemorrhagic and necrotizing pleuropneumonia
What is an important virulence factor of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?
Leukotoxin
Foal pneumonia is caused by what bacteria?
Rhodococcus equi (1-4mo old foals)
What pathogenesis do you see in Rhodococcus equi?
nodular lung lesions and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
What would you take a culture of for Rhodococcus equi?
transtracheal wash samples
For Rhodococcus equi you would see intracellular cocobacilli in cytology. True or false?
True
What are other bacteria that involve the lungs in horses?
- Glanders (Burkholderia mallei)
- Pseudoglanders (Burkholderia pseudomallei)
- Strangles
