Eye, ear, respiratory system

Question 1

What causes infectious bovine keratoconjuctivitis in cattle?

Answer 1

Moraxella bovis

Question 2

What causes ovine keratoconjunctivitis?

Answer 2

Mycoplasma conjunctivae and Chlamydia pecorum

Question 3

What causes otitis in calves?

Answer 3

Mycoplasma Boris and Histophilis somni (sleepers)

Question 4

Bacterial and fungal infections are the primary cause of ear infections. True or false?

Answer 4

False they are secondary infections and you must look for underlying cause

Question 5

What bacteria cause otitis externa?

Answer 5

• Staphylococcus
• Streptococcus
• Enterococcus
• PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
• E. coli
• Malassezia pachydermatis (yeast)

Question 6

What causes conjunctivitis in cats?

Answer 6

• Chlamydia felis (feline pneumonitis)

- Mycoplasma felis (mycoplasma conjunctivitis)

Question 7

What are some systemic bacterial infections?

Answer 7

• Rickettsia
• Anaplasma
• Ehrlichia
• Brucellosis
• Leptospirosis

Question 8

What are some systemic fungal infections?

Answer 8

• Blastomycosis
• Cryptococcus
• Histoplasmosis
• Cocidiodomycosis
• Protothecosis

Question 9

What causes equine recurrent uveitis?

Answer 9

Leptospira infection

Question 10

What causes guttural pouch mycosis?

Answer 10

• Streptococcus equi sub equi (occurs as complication)

- Aspergillus sp

Question 11

What are some pathogens that can cause HORSE keratitis?

Answer 11

• Aspergillus
• Fusarium
• Candida
• Pseudomonas
• Staphylococcus
• Streptococcus

Question 12

Primary upper respiratory tract infections are caused mainly by bacteria. True or false?

Answer 12

False (primary is viral)

Question 13

Bordetella bronchiseptica causes what in dogs?

Answer 13

Tracheobronchitis and pneumonia

Question 14

Chronic rhino sinusitis may come from what fungi?

Answer 14

Aspergillosis and Cryptococcus

Question 15

What causes nasal polyp/tumor like growth in animals and humans?

Answer 15

Rhinosporidium seeberi

Question 16

What are some common systemic fungal infections with primary lung involvement (ex. pyogranulomatous lesions)?

Answer 16

• Blastomyces dermatitidis
• Histoplasma capsulatum
• Coccidiodes immitis

Question 17

Histoplasmosis causes what in dogs?

Answer 17

• GI involvement is common
• protein losing enteropathy
• peripheral lymphadenopathy
• polyarthropathy
• osteomyelitis

Question 18

Histoplasmosis is a disseminated disease in cats. True or false?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Blastomycosis is endemic where?

Answer 19

Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio river valley

Question 20

Blastomycosis involves what body parts?

Answer 20

Cutaneous, respiratory, ocular, bone forms are seen

Question 21

Cryptococcosis involver what body parts?

Answer 21

Nasal cavity, CNS, ocular, GI

Question 22

Cutaneous lesions is a marker for disseminated disease in what animal? (Cryptococcosis)

Answer 22

cats

Question 23

Coccidiodomycosis causes what?

Answer 23

lung involvement with dissemination to bones

Question 24

Where is coccidioidomycosis found?

Answer 24

Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico

Question 25

Direct transmission of fungal infections always occurs. True or false?

Answer 25

False (its rare....its mainly environmental)

Question 26

Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis causes what?

Answer 26

Pleuritis and pyothorax

Question 27

infectious tracheobronchitis is also called?

Answer 27

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 28

Necrotic laryngitis in cattle is caused by what?

Answer 28

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 29

Fusobacterium necrophorum is seen in what age of cattle and what stages of disease?

Answer 29

- 3-18 month old feed lot cattle | - acute to chronic infection

Question 30

What can also cause laryngitis in cattle?

Answer 30

Histophilus somni

Question 31

Which of the following bacteria is generally NOT involved in shipping fever pneumonia in cattle? a. mannhemia hemolytica b. pasturella multocida c. histophilus somni d. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Answer 31

d. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Question 32

Which bacteria are in the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex?

Answer 32

- mannheimia hemolytica - pasteurella multocida - histophilus somni - mycoplasma bovis - Truperella pyogenes

Question 33

Mannheimia hemolytica is an important bacterial agent in shipping fever pneumonia. True or false?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What virulence factor is specific to Mannheimia haemolytica?

Answer 34

it secretes a ruminant specific leukotoxin

Question 35

Mannheimia hemolytica is also called?

Answer 35

Bovine shipping fever (serofibrinous bronchopneumonia and pleuritis)

Question 36

What causes enzoonotic pneumonia in calves?

Answer 36

- viruses - Pasteurella multocida - Mannheimia haemolytica - Mycoplama bovis

Question 37

What causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia?

Answer 37

Mycoplasma mycoides sub mycoides | REPORTABLE

Question 38

What causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia?

Answer 38

mycoplasma capricolum sub capripneumoniae

Question 39

Pasteurella multocida serotypes B1 and E2 causes what?

Answer 39

Hemorrhagic septicemia (not in US)

Question 40

Mycoplasma Boris causes what in cattle?

Answer 40

- pneumonia | - mastitis and arthritis

Question 41

Francisella tularensis is also known as?

Answer 41

Tularemia

Question 42

What are the hosts of Francisella tularensis?

Answer 42

rabbits, hares, rodents and cats

Question 43

What is the transmission of Francisella tularensis?

Answer 43

- tick and deer fly bites (vector borne) - skin contact with infected animals - ingestion of contaminated water - inhalation of contaminated aerosols or agricultural dusts

Question 44

What BSL its Fracisella tularensis?

Answer 44

BSL 3 and reportable

Question 45

Humans typically get what type of infection from Fracisella tularensis?

Answer 45

Pneumonic

Question 46

How do you get plague?

Answer 46

wild rodents and their fleas

Question 47

What are the three types of plague?

Answer 47

- septicemic plague - bubonic plague - pneumonic plague

Question 48

Progressive atrophic rhinitis in swine is from?

Answer 48

Pasturella multocida toxin PMT (osteoclasts) and Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin (in osteoblasts)

Question 49

What causes non-progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

Answer 49

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 50

Haemophilus parasuis is also known as?

Answer 50

Glasser's disease

Question 51

Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal of what?

Answer 51

nasal cavity, tonsil, trachea, and lung

Question 52

Haemophilus parasuis causes what?

Answer 52

polyserositis, polysynovitis, meningitis

Question 53

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes what in pigs?

Answer 53

- porcine pleuropneumonia | - hemorrhagic and necrotizing pleuropneumonia

Question 54

What is an important virulence factor of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

Answer 54

Leukotoxin

Question 55

Foal pneumonia is caused by what bacteria?

Answer 55

Rhodococcus equi (1-4mo old foals)

Question 56

What pathogenesis do you see in Rhodococcus equi?

Answer 56

nodular lung lesions and mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Question 57

What would you take a culture of for Rhodococcus equi?

Answer 57

transtracheal wash samples

Question 58

For Rhodococcus equi you would see intracellular cocobacilli in cytology. True or false?

Answer 58

True

Question 59

What are other bacteria that involve the lungs in horses?

Answer 59

- Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) - Pseudoglanders (Burkholderia pseudomallei) - Strangles