General organization of a vertebra

Question 1

What are the three basic osseus parts of a vertebra?

Answer 1

the vertebral body, vertebral arch and the apophyseal region

Question 2

what is formed by the vertebral body and vertebral arch?

Answer 2

the vertebral foramen

Question 3

what is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

Answer 3

cervical - rectangular; thoracic - triangular; lumbar is reniform

Question 4

what is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

Answer 4

superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

Question 5

what are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?

Answer 5

the basivertebral venous foramen

Question 6

what is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch?

Answer 6

the pedicle

Question 7

what is the name given to the posterior part of the vertebral arch?

Answer 7

the lamina

Question 8

what is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and the articular process attach?

Answer 8

the lamina - pedicle junction

Question 9

what is the name given to the feature located at the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicle?

Answer 9

the superior vertebral notch or incisures; the inferior vertebral notch or incisure

Question 10

what is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?

Answer 10

cervical - posterolateral
thoracic- posterior, slight lateral
lumbar - posterior

Question 11

what ligament will attach to the lamina?

Answer 11

the ligamentum flavum

Question 12

what is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum?

Answer 12

para articular process

Question 13

what classification of bone will para articular processes represent?

Answer 13

accessory bone

Question 14

what is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on xray?

Answer 14

shingling

Question 15

what is the name given to the lamina - pedicle junction at each region of the spine?

Answer 15

cervical -articular pillar; thoracic and lumbar - pars interarticularis

Question 16

what is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch spinous process on lateral xray?

Answer 16

the spinolaminar junction

Question 17

what is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch?

Answer 17

the apophyseal region

Question 18

what names may be given to each apophysis of the spine?

Answer 18

the transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis or spinous process

Question 19

what is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?

Answer 19

cervical - anterolateral; thoracic - postero lateral; lumbar - lateral

Question 20

all non rib bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?

Answer 20

the costal element

Question 21

what is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process?

Answer 21

the transverse tubercle

Question 22

what will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

Answer 22

cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

Question 23

what will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

Answer 23

the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward

Question 24

What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral couple?

Answer 24

the zygapophysis

Question 25

what is the name given to the bone surface at the fron of a zygapophysis?

Answer 25

the superior articular facet

Question 26

what is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophysis?

Answer 26

the inferior articular facet

Question 27

what names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis?

Answer 27

the superior articular apophysis, the superior articular process, or the prezygapophysis

Question 28

what names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the back of the zygapophysis?

Answer 28

the inferior articular apophysis, the inferior articular process, or the post- zygapophysis

Question 29

what will form the posterior boundary of a typical IVF?

Answer 29

the inferior articular process/ post zygapophysis, the superior articular process/ pre zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

Question 30

What will form the superior boundary of a typical IVF?

Answer 30

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

Question 31

what will form the inferior boundary of a typical IVF?

Answer 31

the superior vertebral notch or incisure

Question 32

what will form the anterior boundary of a typical IVF?

Answer 32

the vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 33

what is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

Answer 33

calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane

Question 34

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on xray?

Answer 34

imbrication

Question 35

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

Answer 35

the spinous tubercle

Question 36

what is the orientation of the spinous process/spinous apophysis at each region of the spine?

Answer 36

cervical- slight angle inferiorly
thoracic - noticeable angle inferiorly
lumbar- no inferior angle