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Spinal Anatomy > Diarhthrosis common features > Flashcards

Diarhthrosis common features Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) jonts?

A

articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid

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2
Q

thickening of the fibrous capsule connective tissue will form the

A

capsular ligament

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3
Q

what generic accessory ligaments may accompany and support the capsular ligament?

A

intracapsular and extracapsular ligament

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4
Q

what is the generic function of ligaments?

A

stimulate reflex contraction of muscles around the joint

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5
Q

what are the characteristics of the type 1 articular receptors?

A

located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joints at rest

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6
Q

what are the characteristics of type ii articular receptors?

A

located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble pacinian corpuscles, most numerous in the cervical spine and monitor the joint during normal range of motion

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of type 3 articular receptors?

A

present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, resemble golgi tendon organs, not initially observed along the vertebral column and monitor extreme joint motion

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8
Q

what is the function of type 4 articular receptors?

A

nociceptive, they monitor pain

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9
Q

type 4b articular receptors would be present in what locations?

A

accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

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10
Q

What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?

A
  1. synovial villi 2. Articular fat pads or haversian glands (3) synovial menisci and intra articular discs
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11
Q

what is the generic function of modificatoins of articular synovial membrane?

A

aid in spreading synovial fluid

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12
Q

what is the apparent function of synovial villi?

A

increase the surface of synovial membrane available for secretion- absorption phenomena

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13
Q

articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?

A

Lumbar zygapophyses

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14
Q

what is the unique name of the inner or lumenal layer of the synovial membrane?

A

synovial lamina intima

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15
Q

what are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?

A

are phagocytic

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16
Q

What is the specific functions of type B synovial cells?

A

secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

17
Q

What are examples of glycosaminoglycans important in articular cartilage?

A

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates and keratin sulfate

18
Q

what is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?

A

form a network for water retention

19
Q

what is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?

A

cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property

20
Q

What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?

A

cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property

21
Q

which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid?

A

weeping theory

22
Q

which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining synovial fluid?

A

boosted theory

23
Q

which theory of joint lubrication implies an adsorption of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement?

A

boundary theory

24
Q

What are the properties of synovial fluid?

A

it is yellow white, viscous, slightly alkaline and tastes salty

25
Q

which substance is synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

A

hyaluronate

26
Q

What substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be resposinble for its viscosity and lubricating behavior ?

A

lubricin

27
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

provides a nutritive source for articular cartilage and supply the lubricant for the cartilage surface

Spinal Anatomy (19 decks)

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