General muscle info Flashcards
What are the types of muscle tissue?
voluntary muscle tissue:
- Skeletal muscle - fast 1 + 2 and slow twitch
Involuntary muscle tissue:
- Cardiac
- Smooth
What is skeletal muscle for?
Movement and stability.
What are the functional characteristics of muscle?
Excitability - irritability (responds to a stimulus)
Contractability - extendability
Elasticity
How is muscle made up from superficial to deep?
Epimysium, muscle bundle, perimysium, muscle fiber, myofibril, sacroplasmic reticulum, myosin and actin.
What are the different ways fascicles in a muscle can attach to a tendon?
fusiform
Unipennate
Bipennate
What is fusiform?
Parallel arrangement of fascicles in mid portion of muscle, converge the closer to the tendon they get.
High range of shortening, great movement but little strength.
What is Unipennate?
Fascicles arrange at an angle to the direction of the tendons movement. Allows for more muscle fibers to be activated, high strength but little range.
What is Bipennate?
Fascicles are on both sides of a central tendon. highest strength but little shortening.
What are the seven ways muscles can be arranged or look?
Check notes to see what they look like. Musculus fusiformis - single Musculus biceps - two singles M biventer - two singles but like a chain M planus - Ribs M intersectus - intervals M semipennatus - half a feather M pentatus - feather
What determines muscle strength?
Physiological cross section Number of motor units Frequency of motor unit activation Length of muscle Contraction velocity
Name things that each muscle has.
One artery and one or more veins
One nerve to control its activity
A connective tissue sheath that holds it together
Most connect to bones in two places
What does muscle fuse to depending on the type of attachment?
Direct or fleshy - epimysium of muscle is fused to periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage.
Indirect - connective tissue wrappings extend beyond muscle as a tendon or aponeurosis.
What kind of bones are the origins and insertions often connected too?
Origin is often immovable or slightly movable, insertion is on a movable bone.
What are the muscle action terms?
Concentric (F can vary, O and I get closer)
Eccentric (F can vary, O and I get further)
Isometric (O and I same distance force varies)
Isotonic (Equal, continuous force O and I distance changes)
Auxotonic (O, I and force change)
Isokinetic (constant speed force can vary O and I change)
Define a static action
No movement occurs, meaning origin and insertion do not get closer or further away, the force of the muscle is insufficient however the muscle is functional.
