General Monitoring Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 stages in anaesthesia?
A
- Stage 1: Voluntary excitement
- Stage 2: Involuntary excitement
- Stage 3: Surgical anaesthesia
- Stage 4: Overdose
2
Q
What happens in stage 1?
A
- Induction
- Apprehension, feat and disorientation
- Increased HR and RR
- Dilated pupils
- Paddling
3
Q
What happens in stage 2?
A
- Onset of unconsciousness
- Irregular breathing
- Reflexes present
- Ventromedial rotation of eyes
- Suitable for intubation
4
Q
What happens in stage 3 plane 1?
A
- Regular, deep respiration
- Mild CVS depression
- Ventromedial rotation of eyes
- Suitable for lancing abscesses, stitch ups and skin lumps
5
Q
How many planes are there in stage 3?
A
- 3
6
Q
What happens in stage 3 plane 2?
A
- Decreased tidal volme
- RR will increase or decrease
- Moderate CVS depression causing HR and BP to decrease
- Suitable for most surgeries
7
Q
What happens in stage 3 plane 3?
A
- Moderate CVS depression, which decreases HR and BP
- Central position of eyes
- Used for thoracotomies
8
Q
What happens in stage 4?
A
- Progressive respiratory failure
- CVS failure
9
Q
What do normal MM look like?
A
- Pink and moist
10
Q
What do hypercapnia of toxaemia MMs look like?
A
- Bright red
11
Q
What do poor peripheral perfusion MMs look like?
A
- Pale, grey and/or dry
12
Q
What do anaemia and hypovolaemia MMs look like?
A
- White
13
Q
What are the 4 ways heat can be lost in a patient?
A
- Radiation
- Convention
- Conduction
- Evaporation
14
Q
What is radiation heat loss?
A
- Transfer of heat from one surface to another via photons
15
Q
What is convention heat loss?
A
- Movement of air reduces the build up of heat near the skin surface by displacing warmed air with cooler air
