Admitting patients & pre-operative assessments Flashcards
What does the Anaesthetic triad consist of?
- Unconsciousness
- Pain relief
- Muscle relaxant
What does the pre-anaesthetic assessment consist of?
- Signalment
- History
- Physical examination
- Pre-anaesthetic blood tests
- Further diagnostic tests
What is the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade?
- 5 grades that show the level of risk from anaesthetic based on the animal’s health
What is the ASA class I minimal?
- Normal healthy animals with no underlying disease
What are examples of a ASA class I minimal?
- Spay
- Castrate
- Hip scores
What is a ASA class II slight risk?
- Animals with slight to mild systemic disturbances and animals that are able to compensate and have no clinical signs of disease
What are examples of ASA class II slight risk?
- Neonates
- Geriatrics
- Fractures without shock
- Well controlled endocrine disease
What is an ASA class III moderate risk?
- Animals with moderate systemic disturbances and mild clinical signs of disease
What are examples of ASA class III moderate risk?
- Anaemia
- Low grade heart murmur
- Low grade renal disease
What is ASA class IV High risk?
Animals with pre-existing systemic disease or severe disturbances
What are examples of ASA class IV high risk?
- Dehydration
- Shock
- Uraemia
- Pyrexia
- Uncompensating cardiac disease
What is ASA class V grave risk?
- Life-threatening disease or disturbances; all moribund animals not expected to last >24 hours
What are examples of ASA class V grave risk?
- Severe GDV
- Severe shock
- Advanced cardiac disease
What should be checked in the physical examination?
- Cardiac and thoracic auscultation
- Body condition score
- Hydration test
- Patient temperament
- Breed specifics
How is anaesthetic risk decreased?
- Premedication to reduce stress and anaesthetic requirements
- Oxygen supplementation and monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular function
- Assessing cardiac rhythm
- Monitoring and support of body temperature
- Documentation of patient parameters during anaesthesia and recovery
What is on a standard pre-anaesthetic blood profile?
- Haematology
- Short biochemistry panel
- Maybe electrolytes ran
What do RBC & PCV test for?
-Dehydration
- Anaemia
What does a WBCC test for?
- Number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils
- Inflammation
- Infeciton
- Sepsis
- Neoplasia
What do platelets test for?
- Chronic inflammation
- Platelet clumping
- Immune destruction
What do TPs test for?
- Dehydration
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Protein loss
- Liver failure
What does albumin test for?
- Dehydration
- Protein loss
- Liver failure
- Infection
What does alkaline phosphatase test for?
- Steroid use
- Liver disease
What does alanine aminotransferase test for?
- Liver disease
What does bilirubin test for?
- Haemolytic anaemia
- Liver disease
- Bile duct obstruction
