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aviation > General knowledge > Flashcards

General knowledge Flashcards

to familarize with general information of aviation

1
Q

What errors are vertical speed indicators subject to?

A

1) lag error

2) reversal-in about changes in attitude the VSI may momentarily show a change in the wrong direction

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2
Q

Define: Yaw

A

movement of aircraft around the vertical axis

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3
Q

Define: Roll

A

movement of an aircraft around the longitudinal axis

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4
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

amount of moisture present in the air compared to amount it is capable of holding

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5
Q

In extremely cold temperature the altimeter will___________?

A

over-read

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6
Q

Define: Ground Resonance

A

is a sympathetic vibration between the main rotror system and landing gear when the helicopter is touching the ground
Note: generally only fully articulated rotor systems are susceptable

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7
Q

On turns to or from North the magnetic compass will _____________ the actual reading

A

lag behind

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8
Q

What are Newtons laws of motion?

A

1) A body in motion tends to stay in motion
2) An object at rest tends to stay at rest until acted on by another force
3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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9
Q

What are five principle agents that initiate rising currents of air?

A

1) convection- air heated by contact with ground
2) Orographic lift-air moving up hill continues upwards especially if unstable
3) Frontal Lift-air masses meet the warmer air is pushed up
4) Mechanical Turbulence-friction between air and ground disrupts lower level air into eddies
5) Convergence- low pressure area, winds are blowing into centre of low and accumulating, the excess air is forced upwards

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10
Q

What is atsmopheric pressure?

A

is the weight of overlying air measured with a mercury barometer

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11
Q

list three causes of ground resonance

A

1) Faulty rotor system-weak drag hinge dampers, badly tracked or balanced rotor blades

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12
Q

list and describe the different types of drag

A

Parasite-created by moving objects
Rotor-Caused by rotor blades in flat or zero pitch
Induced drag- occurs when blades are at a positve angle of attack(producing lift)Induced drag is high in the hover but reduces with translational lift and increased forward speed

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13
Q

Define: Dissymetry of lift

A

The relative airspeed travelling over the retreating blade is less than the advancing blade resultaning in unequal lift on the blades

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14
Q

Define: Ground effect

A

s

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15
Q

Define: Translating tendency

A

s

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16
Q

Define: horizontal from the hub

A

Refrence datum on the hub of the main rotor

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17
Q

What factor affect the rate of descent in autorotation

A

weight-heavier=higher rate of descent
Forward speed-above or below the minimum rate of descent speed will result in a higher rate of descent
Density altitude-rate increases with an increase of density altitude

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18
Q

Define Torgue effect

A

Blades spin counter-clockwise causing an opposite reaction on fuselage turning it clockwise

19
Q

define: Recirculation

A

Aceleration of induced air through the disc

20
Q

Define: Vortex ring state

A

Intense vortices from induced flow, reenter the rotor blades reducing the lift produced. usually encountered at configurations with an airspeed below 30knots, and a rate of descent higher than 300FPM

21
Q

Define: Chord line

A

A straight line running from leading edge to trailing edge of an aerofoil

22
Q

describe feathering movement of a rotor blade

A

angular movement of a rotor blade about its longitudinal axis
*any change of pitch is a feathering movement

23
Q

Define: Induced flow

A

The rotor blades displace air downwards through the rotor disc

24
Q

Define Pitch angle

A

The angle between the chord of a rotor blade and a refrence datum on the hub of the rotor.

25
Q

Define: Convection

A

Warm air rises owing to the heating of the ground by the sun, risng currents of air occur

26
Q

Describe the flapping movement of a rotor blade

A

the automatic angular movement of a rotor blade about a horzontal axis

27
Q

What are the main types of rotor systems and describe each

A

Fully articulated- blades allowed by hinges to flap, drag and feather
Semi-rigid-the blades are allowed by hinges to flap and feather, underslung rotor
Rigid- only feathering hinge

28
Q

Name 2 types of control orbits

A

Swash plate

Spider

29
Q

Define: dragging of a rotor blade

A

The angular movement of an individual rotor blade about an axis vertical to the blade

30
Q

What is an transition? translation?

A

Transition-all accelerations or decelerations of the helicopter as a result of cyclic change
Translation- horizontal movement of the helicopter through the air

31
Q

Define: Indicated altitude

A

The reading on the altimeter when it is set to current barometric pressure

32
Q

Define: Coning

A

Movement of rotor blades aligning them along the resultant angle of centrifugal force and lift, an increase in lift results an increase in coning angle. An increase of RPM results in a decrease of coning angle

33
Q

Define: Camber line

A

A line drawn halfway between upper and lower surface of an aerofoil

34
Q

Define angle of attack

A

The angle between the chord and relative airflow

35
Q

What are 5 factors that affect lift

A

1) angle of attack of aerofoil
2) airflow velocity
3) air density
4) shape of airfoil
5) surface area of airfoil

36
Q

Define: Overpitching

A

Blades pitch-up increasing drag, not enough power to overcome drag

37
Q

Define: Pitch (as in pitch, roll, yaw)

A

movement of aircraft around the lateral axis

*lateral axis-wing tip to wing tip

38
Q

Name the instruments connected to the pitot/static system and from which they get there data from.

A

Altimeter-static
Vertical speed indicator-static
Airspeed indicator-staic and pitot

39
Q

Define: Delta hinge

A

hinge located on the tail rotor, is ofsetto be non-perpindicular to the axis of the tail rotor

40
Q

Define: Low G

A

unloading of the disc usually caused by a push over

41
Q

Define: High G

A

aircraft experiances load factor greater than 1G due to a turn, climb, or deceleration

42
Q

Define: True altitude

A

Exact height above sea level

43
Q

What are low frequency vibrations usually associated with?
High?
Low?

A

low-main rotor
medium-tail rotor
High- engine

aviation (5 decks)

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