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STEP 1: Pathology > General Knowledge > Flashcards

General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Pro-apoptotic protein?

A

Bax

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2
Q

Anti-apoptotic protein?

A

Bcl-2

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3
Q

What signals the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (3)?

A
  1. FasL binds FasR (CD95)
  2. Perforin from killer T
  3. Granzyme B from killer T
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4
Q

What attracts neutrophils to areas of inflammation?

A

CILK

```
C5a
IL-8
LTB4
Kallikrein
bacterial products too
~~~

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5
Q

Vascular structure that promote rolling?

A

E-selectin

P-selectin

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6
Q

Vascular structure that promote tight binding of leukocytes?

A

ICAM-1

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7
Q

Vascular structure that promote diapedesis?

A

PECAM-1

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8
Q

What organisms cause caseating granulomas?

A

TB

Fungal infections

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9
Q

What diseases cause noncaseating granulomas(8)?

A 
Syphilis
M. leprae
Cat-scratch dz (bartonella henselae)
Sarcoidosis
Crohn's
Wegener's
Churg-Strauss
Berryliosis/silicosis
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10
Q

What are the 6 types of amyloidosis?

A
  1. AL - Light chains; assoc. with multiple myeloma
  2. AA - seen in chronic inflamm dz (like RA); Amyloid A accumulations
  3. Dialysis - B2 microglobulin (presents as carpal tunnel/joint issues)
  4. Heritable - TTR gene mutation (transthyretin)
  5. Age-related - same as heritable, but deposition of normal TTR (takes longer)
  6. Organ-specific - deposition in one organ (seen in Alz b-amyloid deposition in brain)
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11
Q

What is a better general prognostic factor, tumor stage or grade?

A

Stage (i.e. are there mets/LN involvement)

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12
Q

What is tumor stage?

A

Degree of localization/spread (TMN = tumor size, mets, LN)

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13
Q

What is tumor grade?

A

How bad does it look under the microscope?

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14
Q

What is another name for TNF-a?

A

cachexin - causes inflammation response and chronic levels = cachexia

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15
Q

What 3 cytokines cause cachexia?

A

TNF-a
IFN-gamma
IL-6

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16
Q

What cancers have psammoma bodies?

A
  1. Papillary thyroid
  2. Serous ovarian
  3. Meningioma
  4. Mesothelioma

PSaMMoma

STEP 1: Pathology (6 decks)

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