General internal medicine 5 Flashcards
Orthostatic hypotension is associated with an increased risk of
CV disease + all cause mortality
Metatarsal stress fracture clinical features
- repetitive weight-bearing activities (running, dancing, jumping)
- metatarsal tenderness
- pain with axial loading of metatarsal (holding toe and pushing it in along long axis of metatarsal)
Sesamoiditis clinical features
focal pain on plantar surface of first metatarsophalangeal joint
morton neuroma clinical features
- between third and fourth toes
* clicking sensation
initial step
KOH prep of nail scrapping (differentiate from other conditions that can appear similarly – psoriasis, eczema, lichen planus)
PCOS diagnosis
- diagnosis of exclusion (need to exclude other causes of hyperandrogenism)
PCOS clinical features
- androgen excess
- menstrual irregularities
- obesity
- polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
other sequelae of prolactinomas
osteoporosis (hyperprolactinemia suppresses gonadotropin secretion, leading to hypogonadism and low estrogen levels)
Next step in evaluation of hoarseness in someone with smoking history
Referral to ENT for laryngoscopy
Slow-transit constipation cause
slow motility in proximal colon
management of slow transit constipation
- fiber and lifestyle changes, bulk-forming laxatives
Acute urinary retention clinical features
- delirium
- suprapubic mass
hidradenitis suppuritiva management
mild – topical clindamycin
moderate – oral tetracyclines
severe – surgery or infliximab
MCI definition
impaired cognition + preserved functioning
Core feature of alzheimers
functional impairment
polyarteritis nodosa association
Hep B and C
treatment of polyarteritis nodosa
- ACE inhibitors
- cyclophosphamide
- prednisone
sequela of uncorrected large ASDs
- chronic right sided volume overload and pulmonary HTN
echocardiographic signs of cardiac tamponade
RA collapse during end diastole (Fluid accumulation in the pericardium causes an increase in intrapericardial pressure. RA has the lowest pressure of all cardiac chambers so its the earliest and most sensitive sign of tamponade. RV collapse can also happen.)
McConnell sign clinical significance + description
- RV dilation and free wall hypokinesia with sparing of he apex
- PE
strongyloidiasis clinical features
- peripheral eosinophilia
- GI issues (abdominal pain, worse with eating)
- pulmonary complaints
- from endemic area
- skin (serpiginous rash + pruritus from ground itch)
strongyloidiasis treatment
- ivermectin or albendazole
strongyloidiasis diagonsis
- ELISA IgG antibody or endoscopy for biopsy
* stool O&P frequently negative
what is a hordeolum
stye
osteitis fibrosa cystica
Jim McKusick/most characteristic skeletal manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism. Bones covered in brown cysts all over the ground + he’s screaming in pain + skull deskinned and covered in small holes + skeleton hands looking like below/presentation = bone pain + subperiosteal erosions affecting the phalanges of the hand + “salt-and-pepper” skull + brown tumor bone cysts.
stress incontinence pathophys
- urethral dysfunction that leads to leakage of urine with increased abdominal pressure
otitis media with effusion clinical features
- acute otitis media associated with conductive hearing loss
vestibular neuritis vs. labyrinthitis
- vestibular neuritis = preserved hearing
- labrynthitis = vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss
