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Gross Anatomy > General Information Of Bone > Flashcards

General Information Of Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is bone

A

The living bones in our bodies use oxygen and give off waste products in metabolism

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2
Q

What does bone contain

A

They contain active tissue that consume nutrients required blood supply and change shape or remodel in response to variations in mechanical stress

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3
Q

Movement has three elements what are they

A

Bone
Joint
Muscles

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4
Q

What is the active component of movement and passive component

A

Active is muscle
Passive is bone and joints

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5
Q

What is the function of the bone

A

Protect internal organs
Stores and release fat
Produces blood cells
Store and release minerals ( ca2+ within hydroxyapatite crystals
Movement are produced by the action of the muscle in the bone
Support the body

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6
Q

What is bone matrix

A

Is the intercellular substance of the bone that forms the most of the mass of the bone

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7
Q

What is the two material that bone matrix contains and explain

A

Organic: elasticity ( burning experiments) produced and secreted by osteoblasts
Inorganic: hardness, rigidity ( acid experimenter) most consists of calcium hydroxyapatite

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8
Q

(decalcification). (decomposition).

A

decalcification : A bone placed in a dilute acid solution loses its inorganic substances

decomposition : Since the organic part is damaged after the bone is burned, the bone crumbles with the slightest impact

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9
Q

What are the two basic structures of bone and explain

A

Compact bone Is the outer much denser layer of the bone which gives its smooth while and solid appearance
Spongy bone is the deep airy layer of the bone and it’s highly vascularizes and more metabolically active

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10
Q

What is Haversian canals

A

Which transmits small neurovaascular and iymphatic

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11
Q

Volkmanns canals

A

Transmit blood vessels from periosteum and connected by harizontal to Haversian

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12
Q

Trabecular network

A

Spongy is in trabecular network structure arranged in such way as to provide the bone s resistance to pressure and stretching

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13
Q

What are the two primary members that surround the bone tissue and explain

A

Periosteum is the thin fibro-collagenous layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the bone in all place except at the joint
Endosteum: Lind the medullary cavity in long bones and covers the trabecular in spongy bones

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14
Q

Explain the outer fibrous and inner fibrous layer of periosteum

A

Outer: is composed mostly of collagen and contains nerve fibers that cause pain when the tissue is damaged
Innar: contains stem cells ( osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts) which responsible for bone growth and fractures healing

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15
Q

What does periosteum contain

A

Blood vessels, never & lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone.
Tendons and ligaments also attach to bone at periosteum

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16
Q

What are the parts of skeleton

A

Skeleton axial
Skeleton appendicular

17
Q

What are the types of the bone

A

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Sesamoid bone
Pneumatic bone
Irregular bone

18
Q

Long bone

A

Consists of long shaft ( diaphysis) that extends into neck ( metaphysics) and heals ( epiphysis) on its proximal and distal end

19
Q

What are features various making and formation of long bone

A

Sulcus
Condole
Epicondyle
Crest
Facet
Foremen

20
Q

What is diaphysis

A

Is the tubular shaft that runs btw the proximal and distal of the bone

21
Q

What is medullary cavity

A

The hollow region in the diaphysis which filled with yellow

22
Q

What is bone marrow

A

is a general term for hematopoietic soft tissue occupying the spaces within bone

23
Q

Yellow narrow

A

Fatty marrow ( no longer produces blood cells

24
Q

Red marrow

A

Myeloid tissues ( can produce blood cells )

25
Q

What are the red marrow exists in

A

Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum
Part of the pelvic girdle
Proximal head of the humerus and femur

26
Q

What is epiphysis

A

The wider section at each of the bone which filled with spongy bones

27
Q

Metaphysis

A

Is the narrow area that contains the epiphyseal plate ( growth plate , L. Cartilage epiphysialis)

28
Q

Bone making

A

Are area of bone where tendons ligaments and fascia attach

29
Q

What are three general classes of bone making

A

1: articulation when two bone surface come together
2: Projection:area of bone that projects above the surface
3: hole & depression: an opening or groove in the bone allows blood vessel’s, nerves to enter the bone or tendons,nerves,artery that compress the bone

Gross Anatomy (7 decks)

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