General Information Of Bone Flashcards
What is bone
The living bones in our bodies use oxygen and give off waste products in metabolism
What does bone contain
They contain active tissue that consume nutrients required blood supply and change shape or remodel in response to variations in mechanical stress
Movement has three elements what are they
Bone
Joint
Muscles
What is the active component of movement and passive component
Active is muscle
Passive is bone and joints
What is the function of the bone
Protect internal organs
Stores and release fat
Produces blood cells
Store and release minerals ( ca2+ within hydroxyapatite crystals
Movement are produced by the action of the muscle in the bone
Support the body
What is bone matrix
Is the intercellular substance of the bone that forms the most of the mass of the bone
What is the two material that bone matrix contains and explain
Organic: elasticity ( burning experiments) produced and secreted by osteoblasts
Inorganic: hardness, rigidity ( acid experimenter) most consists of calcium hydroxyapatite
(decalcification). (decomposition).
decalcification : A bone placed in a dilute acid solution loses its inorganic substances
decomposition : Since the organic part is damaged after the bone is burned, the bone crumbles with the slightest impact
What are the two basic structures of bone and explain
Compact bone Is the outer much denser layer of the bone which gives its smooth while and solid appearance
Spongy bone is the deep airy layer of the bone and it’s highly vascularizes and more metabolically active
What is Haversian canals
Which transmits small neurovaascular and iymphatic
Volkmanns canals
Transmit blood vessels from periosteum and connected by harizontal to Haversian
Trabecular network
Spongy is in trabecular network structure arranged in such way as to provide the bone s resistance to pressure and stretching
What are the two primary members that surround the bone tissue and explain
Periosteum is the thin fibro-collagenous layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the bone in all place except at the joint
Endosteum: Lind the medullary cavity in long bones and covers the trabecular in spongy bones
Explain the outer fibrous and inner fibrous layer of periosteum
Outer: is composed mostly of collagen and contains nerve fibers that cause pain when the tissue is damaged
Innar: contains stem cells ( osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts) which responsible for bone growth and fractures healing
What does periosteum contain
Blood vessels, never & lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone.
Tendons and ligaments also attach to bone at periosteum
What are the parts of skeleton
Skeleton axial
Skeleton appendicular
What are the types of the bone
Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Sesamoid bone
Pneumatic bone
Irregular bone
Long bone
Consists of long shaft ( diaphysis) that extends into neck ( metaphysics) and heals ( epiphysis) on its proximal and distal end
What are features various making and formation of long bone
Sulcus
Condole
Epicondyle
Crest
Facet
Foremen
What is diaphysis
Is the tubular shaft that runs btw the proximal and distal of the bone
What is medullary cavity
The hollow region in the diaphysis which filled with yellow
What is bone marrow
is a general term for hematopoietic soft tissue occupying the spaces within bone
Yellow narrow
Fatty marrow ( no longer produces blood cells
Red marrow
Myeloid tissues ( can produce blood cells )
What are the red marrow exists in
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum
Part of the pelvic girdle
Proximal head of the humerus and femur
What is epiphysis
The wider section at each of the bone which filled with spongy bones
Metaphysis
Is the narrow area that contains the epiphyseal plate ( growth plate , L. Cartilage epiphysialis)
Bone making
Are area of bone where tendons ligaments and fascia attach
What are three general classes of bone making
1: articulation when two bone surface come together
2: Projection:area of bone that projects above the surface
3: hole & depression: an opening or groove in the bone allows blood vessel’s, nerves to enter the bone or tendons,nerves,artery that compress the bone
