General growth & Development of children Flashcards
How can you measure growth? (6)
- Weight
- Height
- BMI
- Head circumference
- Pubertal status
- Arm circumference
What are the contents of a personal child health record/ Red book (4)
- NHS number
- Vaccinations
- Screening tests
- Growth charts
How do you construct a longitudinal growth chart?
Follow same child at each age
How do you construct a growth chart using cross sectional data?
Follow different children at each age
How does birth length increase?
- Doubles by 4 years
- Trebles by 13 years
What is considered short stature?
Height below the 3rd centile
What are some causes of short stature (5)
- Growth delay
- Malnutrition
- Endocrine (Growth hormone)
- Genetics (down’s)
- Bone disorder
What are some causes of excessive height? (3)
- Familial tallness
- Endocrine (adenoma/hyperthyroidism)
- Sotos syndrome
What period is fastest weight gain?
6-12 months
Between 2 and 10 years what is the average weight gain?
2-3kg a year
What is considered a poor weight gain centile?
Weight falling below the 5th centile
Define microcephaly
Head too small
Define macrocephaly
Head too big
What causes asymmetrical skulls?
Issues with the fusion of sutures
Define hydrocephaly
- Abnormal build up of CSF
- Compresses/damages brain
What can be some problems with puberty? (2)
- Precocious puberty (tumours, endocrine issues)
- Delayed puberty (gonadal failure, androgen insensitivity)
What are the Freud 5 stages of development?
1) Oral stage
2) Anal phase –> control of bladder
3) Oedipal stage –> possessiveness over mother, envy of father
4) Latency –> calm, ““being good””
5) Genital phase –> love/romance”
What are the 4 stages of the Erikson theory?
- 2-3 years: autonomy vs shame/doubt
- 4-6 years: initiative vs guilt, gender ID
- 6-12 years: latency –> enjoy rewards (realise they’re not as good as peers)
- 13-18 years: struggle for identity. Role confusion. Treat as adults when they’re not quite there
What are the 4 stages of Paiget cognitive ability?
- 0-2 years: differentiate self from object
- 2-7 years: language to represent images. can separate and assort by 1 feature (eg colour)
- 7-11 years: logical. Can organise by size/more than one feature
- 11-15 years: can test hypotheses systematically, concerned with future and ideological problems
What is proximal development?
The development someone can potentially achieve through problem solving under parent guidance/help from others
What are some causes of developmental delay? (4)
- Genetic
- Intrauterine (inside the uterus)
- Perinatal (problems with labour/pregnancy)
- Postnatal (trauma/neglect)
