General growth & Development of children

Question 1

How can you measure growth? (6)

Answer 1

• Weight
• Height
• BMI
• Head circumference
• Pubertal status
• Arm circumference

Question 2

What are the contents of a personal child health record/ Red book (4)

Answer 2

• NHS number
• Vaccinations
• Screening tests
• Growth charts

Question 3

How do you construct a longitudinal growth chart?

Answer 3

Follow same child at each age

Question 4

How do you construct a growth chart using cross sectional data?

Answer 4

Follow different children at each age

Question 5

How does birth length increase?

Answer 5

• Doubles by 4 years

- Trebles by 13 years

Question 6

What is considered short stature?

Answer 6

Height below the 3rd centile

Question 7

What are some causes of short stature (5)

Answer 7

• Growth delay
• Malnutrition
• Endocrine (Growth hormone)
• Genetics (down’s)
• Bone disorder

Question 8

What are some causes of excessive height? (3)

Answer 8

• Familial tallness
• Endocrine (adenoma/hyperthyroidism)
• Sotos syndrome

Question 9

What period is fastest weight gain?

Answer 9

6-12 months

Question 10

Between 2 and 10 years what is the average weight gain?

Answer 10

2-3kg a year

Question 11

What is considered a poor weight gain centile?

Answer 11

Weight falling below the 5th centile

Question 12

Define microcephaly

Answer 12

Head too small

Question 13

Define macrocephaly

Answer 13

Head too big

Question 14

What causes asymmetrical skulls?

Answer 14

Issues with the fusion of sutures

Question 15

Define hydrocephaly

Answer 15

• Abnormal build up of CSF

- Compresses/damages brain

Question 16

What can be some problems with puberty? (2)

Answer 16

• Precocious puberty (tumours, endocrine issues)

- Delayed puberty (gonadal failure, androgen insensitivity)

Question 17

What are the Freud 5 stages of development?

Answer 17

1) Oral stage
2) Anal phase –> control of bladder
3) Oedipal stage –> possessiveness over mother, envy of father
4) Latency –> calm, ““being good””
5) Genital phase –> love/romance”

Question 18

What are the 4 stages of the Erikson theory?

Answer 18

• 2-3 years: autonomy vs shame/doubt
• 4-6 years: initiative vs guilt, gender ID
• 6-12 years: latency –> enjoy rewards (realise they’re not as good as peers)
• 13-18 years: struggle for identity. Role confusion. Treat as adults when they’re not quite there

Question 19

What are the 4 stages of Paiget cognitive ability?

Answer 19

• 0-2 years: differentiate self from object
• 2-7 years: language to represent images. can separate and assort by 1 feature (eg colour)
• 7-11 years: logical. Can organise by size/more than one feature
• 11-15 years: can test hypotheses systematically, concerned with future and ideological problems

Question 20

What is proximal development?

Answer 20

The development someone can potentially achieve through problem solving under parent guidance/help from others

Question 21

What are some causes of developmental delay? (4)

Answer 21

• Genetic
• Intrauterine (inside the uterus)
• Perinatal (problems with labour/pregnancy)
• Postnatal (trauma/neglect)