General Fireground Operations Flashcards
1
Q
The purpose of the General Fireground Operations SOG
A
To provide some general information that pertains to fireground operations
2
Q
Strategic goals are shared beliefs. If we agree on shared beliefs we become
A
Predictable to each other
3
Q
Predictability reduces
A
uncertainty and simplifies what can easily become chaotic
4
Q
Ideologies
No other action on the fireground saves more lives or property than
A
The appropriate size attack line placed in the right place at the right time
5
Q
Ideologies
……makes everything better
A
Water on the fire
6
Q
Ideologies
Appropriate GPM is not dependent on
A
Water supply or staffing
7
Q
Ideologies
We must strive to complete the primary search
A
Within the first 6 minutes on scene
8
Q
Ideologies
Search can be assigned without knowing …..
We rely on our crews to recognize….
A
-If the entire building can be searched
-“Red lights”
9
Q
Ideologies
It is acceptable to assign RIT and backfill RIT when
A
Critical fireground tasks need to be completed
10
Q
Ideologies
In large structures (commercial or otherwise) it is most advantageous to begin fire attack from
A
The closest entry point to the fire rather than the front door
11
Q
Ideologies
Engines and Trucks will announce ______ with mindfulness of not interfering with______
Rescues should communicate _______
A
-One minute out
-Priority radio traffic
-Minimally while en route
12
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
Initial alarm for SFR must provide
A
16 personnel, 17 if arial in use
13
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
1710 States IC must be established
A
1710 States IC must be established
14
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
Minimum water supply
A
400 GPM for 30 minutes and maintained by at least 1 person
15
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
Attack lines, GPM, and personnel
5
A
-2 attack lines
-300 GPM total between both
-100 GPM minimum each
-2 personnel operating each (4)
-1 support member for each attack line
16
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
A support member is required for ______ to provide ______, _______, ______, and ________.
A
-Each attack line
-Hydrant hookup
-Laying hose lines
-Utility control
-Forcible entry
17
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
At least _____ search/rescue team of at least ____ personnel.
A
-1
-2
18
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
At least ____ team of ____ personnel to raise _____ ____ and ______ _____.
A
-1
-2
-Ground ladders
-Perform ventilation
19
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
If an aerial device is on scene it must have
A
An operator
20
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
IRIC (Initial Rapid Intervention Crew) of at least ____
A
2 personnel
21
Q
NFPA 1710 (2020) Requirements SFR
Full RIT does not need to be established until
A
2nd alarm
22
Q
Alarm Assignments
LCFCA
A
Lee County Fire Chiefs Association
23
Q
Alarm Assignments
LCPS
A
Lee County Public Safety
24
Q
Alarm Assignments
LCFCA and LCPS have enacted alarm assignments for all call types except for
A
Brush fires (i.e. strike teams and tasks forces)
25
*Alarm Assignments*
Incidents will be dispatched based upon unit recommendation through _____ ____for the ______ _____determined.
-Lee control
-Incident type
26
*Alarm Assignments*
Upon arrival the first unit on scene will
Give code-11 and establish command (within IMFD peramiters)
27
*Alarm Assignments*
Upon arrival the first unit on scene will give code-11 and establish command when ________ and within ________.
-Appropriate
-IMFD's established parameters
28
*Alarm Assignments*
Additional resources can be requested as
5
-Single unit
-Special unit
-Additional alarms
-Strike team
-Task force
29
*Alarm Assignments*
The 1st alarm
Varies by call type
30
*Alarm Assignments*
1st alarm Echo level structure fire
-4 Engines
-1 Ladder/Truck
-1 BC
-EMS unit
-EMS supervisor
31
*Alarm Assignments*
2nd alarm Echo level structure fire
-2 Engines
-1 Ladder/Truck
-1 BC
-1 EMS
32
*Alarm Assignments*
3rd alarm Echo level structure fire
-2 Engines
-1 Ladder/Truck
33
*Alarm Assignments*
Echo level structure fire
Jumping alarms will
Respond the equipment defined in all the alarms covered
34
*Alarm Assignments*
4th alarm Echo level structure fire (and 3,4,5,6,7 ect.)
-2 Engines
-1 Ladder/Truck
35
*Alarm Assignments*
Lee control will notify all command staff officers through ______ when_____ or ______.
- FD all command page/text system
- A 2nd alarm has been requested
-Two additional mutual aid units requested
36
*Alarm Assignments*
Exceptions to echo level alarm assignments
Gas leak/odor 2nd alarm _____
Rural _____-
- 2 Engines, 1 Ladder
- 2 Engines, 2 Tenders
37
*Alarm Assignments*
Exceptions to echo level alarm assignments
Rural structure fires 2nd alarm
-2 Tenders instead of 1
(assume rural gets a tender instead of a ladder on the first alarm)
38
*Alarm Assignments*
Exceptions to echo level alarm assignments
Brush fires: the current system in place is ________ to call for additional resources
- Strike teams/Task force concept
39
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
Jurisdictions throughout lee county have established MAC levels. Agency coverage can be requested by _____or ______.
-IC
-Automatically by Dispatch
40
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
When MAC is filled automatically by dispatch it is based off of _____ and ______.
-Call type
_Initial size up
41
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
When area command is established the regional coverage will be initiated through
Area Command
42
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
IC's request MAC by advising dispatch _______
Dispatch will then ______ Identified by that agency and _____.
-"Activate MAC coverage"
-Locate the closest resource type
-Direct them where to report
43
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
If not requested by the IC dispatch will ______ when providing the 10 minute notification if they wish to ______.
-Provide a prompt
-Activate their MAC
44
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
Incident types that would receive a 10 minute notification and subsequent prompt for MAC are
7
-Aircraft emergencies
-Explosion
-Haz-mat
-Vehicle extrications (prolonged)
-Brush fires
-Structure fires
-Train and Rail fires
45
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
Along with the incident types that would get a prompt for MAC, dispatch may ask the chief officer if mac is needed when
-Agency has multiple calls of different types and multiple units are busy
46
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
MAC is activated automatically anytime ______. It is still the IC's responsibility to ensure MAC is activated
A second alarm is requested
47
*MAC (Minimum Acceptable Coverage)*
MAC can be requested by the IC or chief officer
Anytime they feel it is needed
48
*Command Role*
The success of the command process is dependent on how skilled the IC is in choosing
Which fireground factors to base his decision on
49
*Command Role*
Less important fireground factors should be noted as they may
Become the next critical factors
50
*Command Role*
What is usually the basis for the IAP
Conclusions drawn from what is seen circling the incident on the size up
51
*Command Role*
Command should develop an
IAP Incident Action Plan
52
*Command Role*
What cant be seen in the size up will need
investigation after the IAP is launched
53
*Command Role*
Once an IAP is created it will require _____ as the _______ change
-Changes
-Critical fireground factors
54
*Command Role*
A common failing for an IC
Creating an IAP but refusing to modify it
55
*Sources of Information*
Three basic sources of fire ground factors
-Visual information
-Reconnaissance information
-Pre-plan or direct knowledge information
56
*Sources of Information*
Visual information is defined as ______.
What the IC can see from their vantage point
57
*Sources of Information*
Proper positioning of the command vehicle can provide up to
Half the buildings exterior
58
*Sources of Information*
Reconnaissance information is defined as
Information command receives from personnel by assignment or normal status reports
59
*Sources of Information*
Recon is defined as
Quick assessment of the fire building by walking around the structure noting significant factors
60
*Sources of Information*
Significant factors to be noted by recon are given by example
6
-Visible fire
-Smoke
-Ventilation points
-Access points
-Victims
-Hazards
61
*Critical factors*
Fire control is defined as
Activities required to locate, contain, control, and extinguish the fire
62
*Critical factors*
Search is defined as
Activities required to find, protect, remove, and or treat occupants while introducing fresh air
63
*Critical factors*
Ventilation is defined as
Activities required to remove products of combustion
64
*Critical factors*
Ventilation must be coordinated with_____. Appropriate placement of _______ and establishment of _____
-Attack team putting water on the fire
-Vent fan
-Ventilation point
65
*Critical factors*
Property conservation definition
Activities required to stop or reduce additional loss of property
66
*Critical factors*
Critical fireground factors (tactical priorities)
4
-Fire control
-Search
-Ventilation
-Property conservation
67
Engine functions
3
-Fire attack
-Water supply
-Immediate fire area search
68
Truck functions
7
-Search and rescue
-Forceible entry
-Ladders
-Ventilation
-Utilities
-Salvage
-Overhaul
69
Truck functions (inside team)
5
-Search and rescue
-Forcible entry
-Fire location and isolation
-Check for extension
-Salvage and overhaul
70
Truck functions (outside team)
7
-Ventilation (fire/life)
-VES
-Forcible entry
-Ladders deployment
-Utilities
-Overhaul
-Arial operations
71
*Offensive operations*
Fire control - is standard procedure to attempt to stabilize fire conditions by extending, whenever possible....
An aggressive, well-placed, interior fire attack
72
*Offensive operations*
Fire control (aggressive interior attack) is a priority even if....
Possible victims are in structure
73
An offensive attack is defined as
Deployment and operation of hose lines inside a structure that is deemed tenable
74
*Offensive operations*
Basic components of offensive operations and developing a IAP
13
-Code 11
-360 report
-Establish command
-1st line to the best offensive position
-Primary search (inside/outside approach)
-Coordinated ventilation
-Ensure adequate water supply
-second line
-RIT/secure utilities
-Evaluate progress
-Adjust your plan and reassign tasks as needed
-Secondary search
-Salvage and overhaul until fire is out
75
A tactical withdraw is defined as
An orderly removal of personnel and equipment from the fire building
76
An Emergency evacuation is defined as
When crews are ordered out without delay due to eminent danger and leave equipment behind if necessary
77
An emergency evacuation is initiated by _____and _____.
-Via radio "emergency evacuation, emergency evacuation"
-Three air horn blasts repeated over 30 seconds
78
*Emergency Evacuation*
Company officers will ____ after initiation of emergency evacuation.
Advise command evacuation complete and they have a PAR
79
If offensive operations are not making significant progress within several minutes careful consideration must be given to
The decision to change strategies (offen/deffen) and the possibility of structural collapse.
80
Preparation for strategy change can involve _____, _____, and _____ or actually doing these things.
-Identify/prioritize exposures
-Locating additional water supplies
-Planning for mutual aid
81
In some cases the most effective tactical analysis involves
Evaluation of what is not burning
82
The first arriving company officer should conduct _____ before making entry
Recon
83
Operations which begin before knowing location of the fire are at
Distinct disadvantage
84
The TIC should be used to scan the area to
Ensure FF safety
85
4 step TIC methodology
-Look up
-Examine the floor
-Immediate wall on your right pan to far left
-Look back (egress)
86
Early identification and response to concealed space fires can
Save the structure
87
To locate concealed fires the ____ should be used
TIC
88
Immediate attack from a less desirable position (softening the target from the exterior) (transitional attack) is sometimes warranted due to
The time it takes to set up an attack from the optimum position
89
*Forcible Entry*
Crews should make greater effort to gain entry with as little damage as possible for fires that
Appear limited in size
90
Forcible entry involves a balance between
The time it takes and the damage it causes
91
*Forcible Entry*
Consideration should be given to using methods which make
Securing the building easier after the fire
92
*Forcible Entry*
If nothing is showing upon arrival crews should
Monitor the building and call for a key holder
93
Whenever possible someone should be assigned to control the vent opening such as
"Controlling the door"
94
Minimizing flow path minimizes
Growth rate
95
The most common method of ventilation likely to be used
Horizontal
96
Situations that benefit greatly from vertical vent
Attic fires
97
Horizontal ventilation requires OV to establish ______ following ______.
-A vent point
-Water on the fire
98
If a fire has auto-vented the OV should
Ensure an adequate vent exit point
99
Vent fan should be staged at the entry point _______ in anticipation of ___________ with the OV and ________.
-As soon as possible
-Coordinated ventilation
-Water on the fire
100
PPV should be constantly _______ on the effects on ______ and be prepared to ______.
-Evaluated
-The fire
-Stop
101
Gasoline powered PPV fans (blowers) can
Introduce carbon monoxide into the structure
102
IF using a gasoline powered blower on a non-fire structure monitor ______ before allowing _______.
-Carbon monoxide levels
-Entry without an SCBA
103
Indiscriminate additional vent points are
Detrimental to extinguishing the fire
104
Too many exhaust points will ______ the effects of PPV
Negate
105
Possibly the most dangerous task performed by firefighters
Vertical ventilation
106
Vertical ventilation must be coordinated to be done
Just prior to water on the fire
107
An alternative to using vertical ventilation to remove the fuel of a backdraft situation is to
Cool it through the application of water
108
In backdraft situations a threat still exists to vertical ventilation members as ______ may happen while operating on the roof
A backdraft occurring
109
When trenching a roof it is most effective if cut
On the fire side of a rated or non-rated wall
110
When trenching a roof, relief cuts would have to be cut at
A maximum of every 5 feet
111
The tactic used for search should support a balance of
Efficiency and safety
112
It is pivotal that _____ is maintained by personnel performing search
Orientation
113
Primary search is defined as
and
-A systematic search for savable victims
-a quick search of all affected areas of the incident to remove and/or protect the safety of occupants.
114
The goal for completion of primary search is
Within 6 minutes from arrival on scene
115
VES should be used in coordination with primary search when
The opportunity exists
116
It is necessary to assess for VES opportunities early so
Valuable time is not lost
117
If notified by a neighbor or bystander the building is unoccupied
Information shall be relayed to the IC (neighbor advises everyone is out)
118
"Primary complete" indicates the primary search was complete. "All clear" means
The secondary has been complete
119
A live victim may be deemed un-savable when
Attempting to do so would cause a greater life safety issue
120
Primary begins as close to the area of involvement as possible unless
A likely location of victims is known
121
If multiple victims are encountered a ___ should be established to _____, ______, and _____ patients.
-Medical group
-Triage
-Treat
-Transport
122
The location of a medical group should be established in a _____ area that provides ______ to ambulances.
-Safe
-Clear access
123
The decision whether or not to remove trapped occupants is based off of……
4
-Whether they would be safer in their rooms
-Can the fire be quickly extinguished
-Will their movement impede firefighting operations
-Do you have the time and resources to evacuate
124
Do you remove the victims from the fire or
The fire from the victims
125
Evacuating the occupants radio terminology is
"Evacuating the occupants"
126
Sheltering in place radio terminology is
"Defending the occupants"
127
If sheltering in place and positive results are not seen with aggressive attack within several minutes a _____ action combined with ______ measures should be initiated while _____.
-Holding
-Smoke control
-Evacuating the most threatened
128
Rescue efforts should be extended in the following order (Search where first)
-Most severely threatened
-The largest number (groups)
-The remainder of the fire area
-The exposed area
129
Utilities control will report ______, _______, and ______. All other non-urgent potential hazards ________.
-Fire location
-Extent
-Utilities secured
-Face to face
130
Defensive attack definition
Deploying hose lines outside of the structure when the building is judged untenable and/or beyond saving due to the extent of involvement
131
The objective of defensive operations
Confine the fire to the structure of origin by protecting exposures
132
IC should consider establishing ____ even on defensive operations
RIT
133
Defensive sequence
13
-Code-11
-360 Report
-Establish command (ensure no offensive positions active)
-Write off property destroyed
-Prioritize property to be saved
-Attack lines outside the collapse zone
-Direct necessary streams onto exposures
-If no exposure (Surround and drown)
-Provide adequate water supply
-Evaluate your actions to control the fire
-Adjust the plan re-assign resources as needed
-Engage a secondary search where the condition of the building will allow.
-Overhaul until fire is completely out.
134
Secondary search definition
Thorough search of the interior of the fire area for victims after the initial fire control activities have been completed.
135
Secondary search focuses on _______ rather than _______.
-Thoroughness
-Time
136
Secondary search should be performed by
A different company than those involved with primary
137
Water supply considerations for a blitz attack are designed for
A brief attack and quick knock down
138
Off tank water a
2 1/2" line will last _____ minutes or less
1 3/4" line will last _____ minutes or less
-3 minutes or less
-5 minutes or less
139
Operating times off tank water makes…… paramount
The need to consider a continuous water supply
140
It takes far less water to protect _____ as it does to extinguish ______.
-An exposure
-The main body of fire
141
Defensive Operations*
If no continuous water supply is immediately available. All available water should be used to
Keep exposures wet with minimum flows necessary.
142
Defensive Operations*
(If no continuous water supply is immediately available. All available water should be used to)
The goal of this is to make _____ last until ______.
-Limited water supply
-A continuous water supply can be established
143
If no continuous water supply is feasible use _______ and ________ to protect exposures
-Booster backup
-Water shuttle
144
*Defensive Operations*
If a continuous water supply is available it should be establish at the same time as
The initial tactical evaluation is taking place
145
*Defensive Operations*
With a continuous water supply, after exposures, all remaining water can be directed onto the fire building starting
On the side of the highest priority exposure
146
*Defensive Operations*
If no exposures, and building has been written off (surround and drown), the only operating consideration is
Personnel safety
147
Salvage is the _____ priority behind fire control and rescue
Third
148
The best way to conserve property is always
Quick and successful fire control
149
Salvage efforts should normally not begin unless
Fire control efforts have been effectively staffed first
150
*Resource Management*
A balance must be established between tactical problems and
The resources needed to control those problems
151
*Resource Management*
Beware of situations witch grow at a faster rate than
The response of resources to the situation
152
*Resource Management*
Never wait until you need additional resources
To call for additional resources
153
*Resource Management*
The decision to call for additional resources should be based upon a _______ of the ______and the remaining avenues of _______.
-Pessimistic evaluation
-Fire extent
-Spread
154
*Resource Management*
-Additional resource guide criteria-
(When to call for more resources)
The life hazards/rescue requirements exceed
The capabilities of the first alarm companies
155
*Resource Management*
-Additional resource guide criteria-
(When to call for more resources)
The fire spreads rapidly due to an ______, _______, or extension into ________.
-Flashover
-Explosion
-Concealed spaces
156
*Resource Management*
-Additional resource guide criteria-
(When to call for more resources)
All companies have been committed and no significant progress is being made….
Controlling the fire
157
*Resource Management*
-Additional resource guide criteria-
(When to call for more resources)
Forces are expected to become physically exhausted prior to the
Completion of emergency operations
158
*Resource Management*
-Additional resource guide criteria-
(When to call for more resources)
You should have a like number of staff in staging as
Units engaged in operations
159
*Resource Management*
-Additional resource guide criteria-
(When to call for more resources)
A specific resource is needed and is either not available on scene or is available in an
Insufficient supply
160
*Resource Management*
-Additional resource guide criteria-
(When to call for more resources)
There is evidence of significant fire but companies are
Unable to determine location and extent within the expected time frame
161
*Resource Management*
-Additional resource guide criteria-
(When to call for more resources)
Command instinctively feels the need to summon additional resources
LOL
(i.e. intuition)
162
FIT
Field Incident Technician
163
To prevent information overload on a fire scene, as a general rule, command should be assigned
A FIT
164
*Definitions*
Alarm
Request for a predefined level of additional resources
165
*Definitions*
Single resource request
Closest unit of a specific type
166
*Definitions*
Special resource request
A specific type of equipment
167
*Definitions*
Area command
Pre-designated members of the regional Incident Management Team (IMT) that report to EOC and address resource response and coverage.
168
*Definitions*
Strike team
5 pieces of equipment of the same type, with a leader and common communications
169
*Definitions*
Task force
5 pieces of equipment of different types, with a leader and common communications
170
*Definitions*
Rural area
An area that is remote in nature and not serviced by a municipal water supply system
171
*Definitions*
MAC
Minimal Acceptable Coverage
172
*Definitions*
Accountability
The process of tracking personnel and resources on an incident
173
*Definitions*
ADULTS acronym used to decide when a 2 1/2" should be pulled as the first line
-Advanced fire
-Defensive operations
-Unable to determine location and extent
-Large uncompartmentalized areas
-Tons of water
-Standpipe operations
174
*Definitions*
All clear
Benchmark given to indicate primary and secondary search complete
175
*Definitions*
Backdraft
A rapid introduction of air to an oxygen starved fire resulting in an explosion
176
*Definitions*
CAN report
Conditions Actions Needs
177
*Definitions*
Decay stage
Stage of development characterized by decrease in fuel load or oxygen to support combustion, resulting in lower temp and pressure
178
*Definitions*
Door control
Ensuring the entrance door is closed as much as possible after search enters without a hose line. Controls flow path and growth rate.
179
*Definitions*
Engine company
Company comprised of a minimum of 3 assigned to a pumper.
180
*Definitions*
Entrapment
A victim able to move freely within a vehicle but unable to self extricate
181
*Definitions*
Everyone out
Used to describe reports from occupants, neighbors, or someone other than firefighters
182
*Definitions*
Flashover
A transition in the development of a compartment fire when surfaces exposed to thermal radiation from fire gasses in excess of 1100 degrees reach ignition temp more less simultaneously, resulting in fire involvement of the entire compartment
183
*Definitions*
Flow path
The movement of heat and smoke from areas of higher pressure of the fire area towards areas of lower pressure at vent points
184
There may be several flow paths within a structure. Any operations conducted in the flow path will place members at _________ due to ____, ______, and _____.
-Significant risk
-Flow of fire
-Heat
-Smoke
185
*Definitions*
Fuel limited fire
Heat release rate and fire growth are controlled by the characteristics of the fuel
186
*Definitions*
Full PPE
Helmet, Nomex hood, coat, pants, boots, gloves, SCBA, and eye and hearing protection as needed
187
*Definitions*
Heat release rate
The rate at which energy is generated by the burning of a fuel and oxygen mixture
188
*Definitions*
Initial report (County Common Terminology)
After the size up. The initial report includes a description of the incident, a description of the property, and initial actions being taken. (360)
189
*Definitions*
Ladder/Truck company
A minimum of three personnel assigned to an areal device.
190
Basic truck functions
9
-Ventilation
-VES
-FE
-Search/rescue
-Ladders
-Utilities
-Salvage
-Overhaul
-Arial operations
191
*Definitions*
PAR
Personal Accountability Report
192
A PAR should be called
4
-Every 10 minutes or,
-Less if conditions warrant
-Change of operational mode
-A significant event has occurred
193
*Definitions*
Size up
Systematic process of collecting information of the conditions found. Size up is a continues process of monitoring conditions and environmental changes.
194
*Definitions*
TAC
Tactical channel/Frequency
195
*Definitions*
Tenability
An assessment on whether units can operate in the fire area based off conditions and the impact of these conditions to victims and members
196
*Definitions*
VES
Approved tactic of entering a structure through an opening (door or window) to search for location of the fire or to locate possible victims.
