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Greek and Roman Myth. - 1520 > general facts about the ancients > Flashcards

general facts about the ancients Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basis of religion?

A

Religion for the ancients involves practice, it was something you do.
ex. perform sacrifices, libations etc.

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2
Q

How is myth viewed from the perspective of the ancients?

A

Myth is a traditional story passed down generationally.

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3
Q

What are four aspects that can be involved in myth?

A

Myth can involve:
1. legendary figures.
2. explanations for either the universe of the gods
3. folktale motifs.

  1. It can also explain a society and a culture to those who study it, either in the present or in BCE.
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4
Q

What is an absolute regarding interpretation of myth?

A

THERE IS NO TRUE, DEFINITIVE, ONE INTERPRETATION OF A MYTH.

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5
Q

Why is the Ptolemaic Kingdom most significant of the Hellenistic Kingdoms?

A

Under the Ptolemies, Egypt becomes the center for Greek culture in the ancient world.

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6
Q

What are three aspects of the Etruscans?

A
  1. NOT GREEK
  2. Lived in Eturia
  3. Had connections to the Greek world.
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7
Q

What are the three stages of being a woman?

A
  1. Parthenos - unmarried, virgin.
  2. Nymphe - married
  3. Gune - mother
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8
Q

What kind of shield does a Hoplite carry?

A

Hoplon

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9
Q

What kind of technique was common to use? What was the purpose of a battle?

A
  1. Phalanx
  2. The point wasn’t to kill but to break the opposing phalanx.
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10
Q

Myth is connected with both..? What is the proof of this?

A
  1. early religion and fertility
  2. proof is seen in the Cycladic female marble figures (emphasis on the public area of the figure)
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11
Q

What are three key terms relating to the Sumerians (4000-2300 BCE)?

A
  1. Cuneiform - writing system that used a wedge shaped form
  2. Polytheism
  3. Ziggurat - home of a god in ancient Sumerian communities
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12
Q

Who are two significant groups of Semites (4000 - 2300 BCE)?

A
  1. Akkadians
  2. Babylonians
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13
Q

In what way did the Hebrews deviate from the norm within Ancient cultures?

A

They were monotheistic, believing in only one god as opposed to multiple.

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14
Q

What is something notable regarding the relationship of the Greeks and the Egyptians?

A

The Greek were fascinated with the Egyptians and absorbed much of their culture.

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15
Q

Where were the Hittites located?

A

In Asia Minor, in the Anatolian coast.

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16
Q

Is myth authoritative?

A

YES. It is considered truth and connects generations to their past.

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17
Q

What was the most popular way of oral transmission of myth?

A

Aoidos

18
Q

What are three aspects of an Aoidos?

A
  1. They are a poet and singer.
  2. They are often illiterate and learn their craft through apprenticing
  3. Composition of songs are done WHILE IN PERFORMANCE
19
Q

What were the three main genres of myth?

A
  1. Epics
  2. Hymns
  3. Wisdom literature
20
Q

What are the four main poets and works?

A
  1. Homer
  2. Homeric Hymns
  3. Hesiod
  4. Cycladic poems
21
Q

What are the two works Homer is most known for?

A
  1. Iliad - Trojan War
  2. Odyssey - Odysseus’s voyage back to Ithaca after the Trojan War
22
Q

What are two aspects of the Homeric Hymns?

A
  1. They were NOT written by Homer but they feel like they were.
  2. Were often the opening act to a play by Homer.
23
Q

What are the two works Hesiod is most known for?

A
  1. Theogony - A form of wisdom literature, describing the origins of Greek gods
  2. Works and Days - About human life and the place of mortals in the world
24
Q

What are the Cycladic Poems considered to be?

A

Inferior to the quality of Homeric Epics but considered to be supplemental; fills in the gaps of the Homeric Epics.

25
Q

Did Homer actually exist?

A

NO, it’s just a name. The Iliad and Odyssey were part of oral tradition, spanning multiple generations (they were reworked and reformed regularly)

26
Q

Where were Homeric Epics performed?

A

They were often performed publicly; usually in a festival context.

27
Q

What are two features of a chorus?

A
  1. Size can vary based on needs of composer/poet (ranges from 12-50 members)
  2. Includes songs and choreography
28
Q

Where were tragedy plays developed?

A

Athens

29
Q

Who are the 3 most notable Tragedians?

A
  1. Aeschylus (525 - 456 BCE)
  2. Sophocles (496 - 406 BCE)
  3. Euripides (484 - 406 BCE)
30
Q

What meter did Homer and Hesiod write in?

A

Dactylic Hexameter

31
Q

What is the fundamental question asked by Hesiod and the Greeks?

A

Why is life so hard?????
-Hesiod’s Works and Days is an attempt to understand why.

32
Q

Why is life so hard according to Hesiod?

A

Zeus commanding for the creation of Pandora.

33
Q

What are the 5 Ages described by Hesiod?

A
  1. Golden Age
  2. Silver Age
  3. Bronze Age
  4. Heroic Age
  5. Iron Age
34
Q

What are features of the Golden Age according to Hesiod?

A
  1. Pre Pandora, Cronus is in charge.
  2. No work or old age.
  3. Men are like gods
34
Q

What are features of the Silver Age according to Hesiod?

A
  1. Humans do not revere the gods as they should.
  2. Humans have long lives.
  3. Humans act foolish and violent.
34
Q

What are features of the Bronze Age according to Hesiod?

A
  1. Most myths involving human beings take place during this period.
  2. Violent / warlike, humans are killing each other.
35
Q

What are features of the Heroic Age according to Hesiod?

A
  1. HESIOD INVENTED THIS AGE
  2. Time of demigods / half gods, their lives end on the Isle of the Blessed with Cronus overseeing them.
  3. Last time where humans and gods interacted.
36
Q

What are features of the Iron Age according to Hesiod?

A
  1. The age Hesiod lives in
  2. Mostly awful because of the events at Mecone
37
Q

What is the broad message the Hesiod communicates through his 5 Ages?

A

The ages depict the decline of humanity.

38
Q

How are women a ‘punishment’ to the Greeks?

A
  1. They were seen as the origin for bad things, through Pandora.
  2. The reason why men had to work; women were seen as lazy consumers.

Greek and Roman Myth. - 1520 (29 decks)

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