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General facts Flashcards

1
Q

What breed of dog is predisposed to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A

German Shepherd Dogs

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2
Q

What are the three key features of vomiting?

A

retching
hypersalivation
nausea

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3
Q

What are the 5 general extra-gastrointestinal causes of GI disease?

A 
renal disease
liver disease
neoplasia 
endocrine 
pancreatic disease
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4
Q

What is the test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A

trypsin-like immunoreactivity

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5
Q

What should Giardia be treated with?

A

fenbendazole

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6
Q

What are the two main causes of alimentary disease in horses?

A

displacements

infection

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7
Q

What epithelium lines the mouth, oesophagus, rumen and reticulum?

A

squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What is prognathia?

A

protrusion of the mandible ie mandible longer than maxilla

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9
Q

What is agnathia?

A

absence of the mandible

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10
Q

In which species does malocclusion particularly cause uneven wear?

A

horses

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11
Q

What is nodular gingival hyperplasia?

A

hyperplasia of the gingivae caused by constant physical trauma as a result of malocculsion

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12
Q

Where does the fluoride causing blackening of teeth in fluoride toxicosis come from?

A

water- some regions of the world have high levels of fluoride

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13
Q

What are two chemicals which cause discolouration of teeth?

A

fluoride

porphyrins

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14
Q

What are two things porphyrins can cause in ruminants?

A

congenital pink tooth

photosensitivity

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15
Q

What are two ondotodystrophys seen in animals?

A

fluoride toxicosis

segmental enamel hypoplasia

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16
Q

What are two causes of segmental enamel hypoplasia?

A

hyperthermia

distemper virus

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17
Q

What can dental caries cause in horse?

A

valvular endocarditis

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18
Q

What two conditions can gingivitis lead to if the tooth falls out?

A

alveolar periostitis

osteomyelitis

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19
Q

What is an infectious cause of gingivitis in cats?

A

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

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20
Q

Which cells are damaged in vesicular stomatitis and in what layer of the epidermis are they?

A

prickle cells

stratum spinosum

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21
Q

What 5 places can FMD lesions be found?

A 
skin
oral cavity
oesophagus
conjunctiva 
rumen
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22
Q

Who takes fluid samples when trying to diagnose FMD?

A

DEFRA

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23
Q

What layer has to be eroded on the oral epithelium for the lesion to be a true ulcer?

A

stratum germinativum

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24
Q

What kind of lesion does BVDV cause?

A

small, punched out lesion

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25
What stain of BVDV causes diarrhoea?
cytopathic form
26
What strain of BVDV causes lesions in the mouth, profuse watery diarrhoea and death?
non-cytopathic form
27
Which BVDV stain causes persistent infection?
non-cytopathic
28
What kind of stomatitis does BVDV cause?
erosive stomatitis
29
What are 7 diseases involving ulcerative stomatitis?
``` malignant catarrhal fever ulcerative glossitis eosinophilic granuloma Blue tongue ureamia foreign bodies Vitamin C deficiency ```
30
What two species are carriers of the bovine herpes virus which causes MCF?
sheep | Wilderbeest
31
What are the target tissue for bovine herpesvirus causing malignant catarrhal fever?
``` lymph node epithelial tissue respiratory tissue intestinal tissue vasculature ```
32
What disease starts at the angle of the jaw of a cat?
ulcerative glossitis
33
What 3 viruses have been associated with ulcerative glossitis?
calicivirus picornavirus FIV
34
What is the prognosis of ulcerative glossitis?
will normally heal in time
35
What 2 regions of the mouth does eosinophilic granulomas affect?
lips | frenulum of tongue
36
What type of hypersensitivity is involved in eosinophilic granulomas in cats?
type I hypersensitivity
37
What 3 conditions are associated with calf diptheria?
cold damp muddy
38
How old are calves affected by the Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteria?
up to 6 months
39
What pathology is cause by Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteria in calves?
necrotising laryngitis
40
What two pathologies does the Blue Tongue virus lead to?
loss of tongue epithelium | haemorrhage
41
What are three diseases which involve proliferative stomatitis?
Orf Wooden tongue Lumpy jaw
42
What are two changes to epithelial cells seen in Orf?
cells become fluid filled | striatum spinosum proliferates
43
What do papules form if they get worse?
pustules
44
What do pustules form if they get worse?
nodules
45
What is the term for proliferating striatum spinosum?
acanthosis
46
Which cells are infected by Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteria in Orf?
prickle cells
47
What is the name of the disease which is the equivalent of Orf but in cattle?
papular stomatitis
48
What bacteria causes 'Wooden tongue'
Actinobacillus lignieresi
49
What is the name of the granuloma formed by Actinobacillus lignieresi?
pyogranuloma
50
What secondary disease can be caused from Wooden tongue?
pneumonia
51
What organ does Actinobacillus lignieresi affect in a horse?
skin
52
What 4 'itis's does Actinomyces bovis cause?
gingivitis alveolar periostitis osteitis osteomyelitis
53
Is Actinomyces bovis gram positive or negative?
positive
54
In which animals is the oesophagus keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?
ruminants horses pigs
55
What is the term to describe oesophageal obstruction subsequent to stenosis or blockage?
chock
56
What three places is impaction of the oesophagus often seen?
dorsal to larynx thoracic inlet diaphragmatic hiatus
57
What can be a secondary problem caused by oesophageal impaction?
ruminal tympany
58
What could be caused by the oesophagus tears
pyothorax
59
What are two causes of congenital megaoesophagus?
persistence of IV right aortic arch- ligamentum arteriosum | denervation
60
What are two acquired causes of megaoesophagus?
myastenia gravis | dysautonomia
61
In what species can idiopathic muscular hypertrophy be seen?
horses | pigs
62
What are the 3 main causes of ruminal acidosis?
sudden increase in concentrates high temperatures and humidity followed by sudden cooling- stimulates overeating rainstorm
63
What gram positive bacteria colonise an acidic rumen?
Streptococcus | Streptobacillus
64
How does ruminal acidosis cause dehydration?
draws water out of the rumen wall into the lumen
65
What bacteria can cause liver abscesses flowing ruminal acidosis?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
66
What can chronic rumenitis lead to?
mucormycosis
67
What is the rumen wall likened to after prolonged rumenitis?
thick leather
68
Which part of the oesophagus is pale where a 'bloat line forms'?
the distal part
69
Feeding cow what 3 things predisposes to frothy bloat?
legumes e.g. clover alfalfa grain concentrates
70
What are 3 clinical signs of bloat?
distended left paralumbar fossa distended abdomen congested mucous membranes
71
Why are calves predisposed to trichobezores?
because of nursing other calves or themselves
72
What is the test used to test for traumatic reticuloperitonitis/pericarditis in cow?
bar test- grunt with pain
73
What is a clinical sign of reticularpericarditis?
'bottle jaw'
74
What is the pathology behind reticulopericarditis induced mandibular oedema?
congested heart failure
75
In which species can gastric dilation lead to stomach rupture?
horses
76
What food is associated with GDV in dogs?
dry food
77
Which part of the stomach normally ruptures?
muscle of the greater curvature
78
What do animals with catarrhal gastritis usually die of?
hypovolaemic shock because of vomiting
79
What drug may cause catarrhal gastritis?
NSAIDs
80
How old are pigs usually which get 'oedema disease'?
6-14 weeks
81
Is oedema disease in pigs associated with diarrhoea?
no
82
In what two main regions is oedema seen in oedema disease?
stomach mucosa | between the coils of the spiral colon
83
What is a distinct clinical sign of oedema disease?
high pitched squeaking
84
Which part of the horse stomach do 'Bots' attach to?
non-glandular part
85
What are 3 causes of gastric ulcers in dogs?
gastric carcinoma mast cell tumours ureamia
86
How does chronic interstitial nephritis lead to gastric ulcers?
animal with polydipsia and polyuria not given enough water urea accumulates in blood urea enters stomach and becomes ammonia ammonia causes ulcer
87
What can urea cause in the blood vessels?
vasculitis
88
What is the most common sign of gastric ulcers in pigs?
dead pigs
89
What causes 'Braxy' in sheep?
Clostridium septicum
90
What predisposes sheep to Braxy?
eating frosted grass
91
What are 4 pathologies cause by Haemonchus contortus?
anaemia hypoproteinaemia oedema diarrhoea
92
What appearance to the abomasum can Ostertagia give?
moroccan leather
93
Which salmonella species can cause disease in animals?
Salmonella serovars
94
How does meat become contaminated with E. coli for example?
if the GI tract is nicked during meat processing
95
What pathogen benefits from the absence of gut flora in the intestines?
Clostridium difficile
96
What can happen to gut villi in the absence of gut flora?
destruction of villi structure
97
What is the term for the idea that if the gut flora is disrupted or not present, something can be done to prevent enteritis?
competitive exclusion

Alimentary (4 decks)

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