General drugs to know Flashcards
drug class used to treat viral infective endocarditis and examples?
Aminoglycosides antibiotics
- Gentamicin (IV)
- Amikacin (IV only)
- Tobramycin.
- Streptomycin.
common side effects associated with gentamicin? (an aminoglycoside antibiotic)
nephrotoxicity,
neurotoxicity,
ototoxicity
counselling point with gentamicin?
Administer injection slowly – instructions to nurses
drugs in class glycopeptide antibiotics?
vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin
common side effects associated with Vancomycin? (a glycopeptide antibiotic.)
red man syndrome. Redness rash in neck. Face
what to monitor with gentamicin and vancomycin? (in separate drug classes)
kidney function
issues associated with treating an infection caused by S. aureus
antibiotic resistance
what is the antibiotic Rifampicin used to treat and whats the warning to patients?
TB
discolouration!! of body fluids. Sweat, urine (looks like blood but isn’t)
rationale for treating mumps encephalitis with methylprednisolone?
Steroid therapy as an adjunctive therapy Reduce swelling (oedema) and pressure in skull
8 drug classes that cause hyperkalaemia?
Aldosterone antagonists – spironolactone ACEi ARB Heparins Beta blockers Digoxin NSAids Lithium
2 drug classes that cause hypOkalaemia?
Loop diuretics – preferred in oedema
Thiazide like diuretics – preferred in HTN
Drugs causing Hyponatremia
Loop diuretics – responsible for decreasing a lot of electrolyte levels
Drugs to stop in AKI
DAMN
Diuretics
ACEi
Metformin
NSAIDs
Drugs excreted by the kidney should be given with caution in renal failure.
Beta blocker Diuretics Lithium Digoxin Ranitidine Antibiotics - Penicillin’s - Aminoglycosides – gentamicin (has a NTI, risk of ototoxicity) - Tetracycline
Drugs that induce diabetes
(5)?
Corticosteroids – can also mask hyperglycaemia Thiazide diuretics Beta-blockers Antipsychotics Statins
Inhibitors of CYP3A4 – do not give them together will increase serum levels of one of them (5+1)
Clarithromycin / erythromycin Diltiazem Itraconazole /ketoconazole Ritonavir Verapamil Grapefruit
Inducers of CYP3A4 include (5)
Phenobarbital Phenytoin Rifampicin St john’s wart Glucocorticoids
Drugs that induce falls (5)
Beta-blockers (bradycardia) Diabetic medications (hypoglycaemia) Antihypertensives (hypotension) Benzodiazepines (sedation) Antibiotics (intercurrent infection)
Drugs causing anaemia
aplastic anaemia
- Azathioprine
Haemolytic anaemia
- Ciprofloxacin – if patient is G6PD deficient, will increase the likelihood
- Methyldopa
- Levodopa
STOPP > 65
Alpha blockers Anti-anginal Anticholinergics Loperamide Antipsychotics such as risperidone and lorazepam Aspirin Benzodiazepines Reduce beta blockers gradually Bisphosphonates BP lowering drugs – in particular ACE CCB Carbocisteine if no benefit is shown Corticosteroids Dipyridamole Diuretics Domperiodone Laxatives Metformin NSAIDs Oestrogen Opiods Pioglitazone SSRI Quinine Statins – especially if showing muscle weakness Sulfonylurras Theophylline TCAs Vasodilators Warfarin
STARTT
ACEi – if HF following MI
Antidepressants – if symptoms alst more than thre months give an SSRI
Antihypertensives if systolic is over 160
Antipsychotics if patient is schizophrenic, and has a co-morbid mental illness
Aspirin – if had MI
BB – in stable angina
Calcium and Vit D
Laxatives – if taking opioids
PPI – for severe reflux
Statins as long as its not causing muscle weakness
3 classes of Drugs that increase the risk of bleeding.
Antiplatelets – clopid, ticagrelor
Oral and parenteral anticoags
SSRIs
In first semester of pregnancy avoid
Androgens – congenital defects Cytotoxic drugs Thalidomide’s Warfarin Sodium valproate Retinoids Quinone antibiotics Lithium
In second trimester of pregnancy avoid
Aminoglycosides Benzos Opiates Sulphonamides NSAIDs ACEi Aspirin Tetracyclines
In children avoid
Aspirin
Iv chloramphenicol
Corticosteroids
Tetracyclines
In breast feeding avoid
Amiodarone Statins Lithium Antithyroid Radioactive iodine Sulphonamides
Drugs to give in overdoses
NALOXONE - if morphine (opioid)
DESFERRIOXAMINE - if iron
VITAMIN K - if warfarin
Drugs that decrease folate levels - that may then lead to folate deficiency anaemia:
Trimethoprim Anti-epilpetic Methotrexate Valporate Sulphonamides
NEED TO GIVE FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION
Drugs causing hyperhidrosis (3)
Insulin
Glipizide
Pioglitazone
Drugs with NTI
Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin - Neomycin Ciclosporin Carbamazepine Digoxin Lithium Phenytoin Phenobarbital Rifampicin Theophylline Warfarin
Drugs causing falls
Beta-blockers (bradycardia) Diabetic medications (hypoglycaemia) Antihypertensives (hypotension) Benzodiazepines (sedation) Antibiotics (intercurrent infection)
3 classes of Drugs causing SJS
Anticonvulsants - lamotrigine, carbamazepine
Allopurinol - over 100mg
sulphonamides
Drugs with a high anticholinergic burden:
can cause blurred vision, dry eyes, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, decreased sweating, heat intolerance, cognitive impairment, confusion, delirium, dizziness, drowsiness, and increased heart rate
Review if ACBis >3
Drugs with acb OF 3: Amitriptyline Chlorphenamine Cyclizine Tolterodine Paroxetine
Medium burden 1-2: Isorbide Atenolol Warfarin Furosemide Digoxin Pred Diazepam Carbamazepine Cetirizine
what is Lithium carbonate used to treat and how is it given?
Mania
Depression
Bipolar prophylaxis
Intra and extracellular changes
selectively interferes with the inositol lipid cycle
Orally
Monitor once a month bc NTI
