Anatomy: CVS🫀 Flashcards
What are the pumps of the heart- structure and function?
specialised muscle that’s a closed system of tubes carrying blood to/from the capillary beds
What are the 2 circulations in the CVS?CVS
pulmonary and systemic
What circulation is the first pump associated with?
pulmonary
to lungs
What circulation is the second pump associated with?
systemic
arteries- arterioles- capillaries
Describe the journey of blood in the pulmonary circulation:
blood from sup/inferior vena cava:
right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary trunk to be reoxygenated in lungs
Describe the journey of blood in the systemic circulation:
oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins (lungs):
left atrium –> left ventricle –> aorta –> body
How many pulmonary veins are there?
4 (2 from each lung)
Where is the heart located?
thoracic cavity - the thorax
then the mediastinum
What 2 apertures mark the beginning and end of the thorax?
start: superior thoracic aperture
end: inferior thoracic aperture
where is the inferior mediastinum located?
below plane between sternal angle and vertebrae T4/T5
above diaphragm
What structure covers the thoracic aperture?
diaphragm
How is the thorax split into 2 mediastinum?
the imaginary plane between the sternal angle and intervertebral disk between thoracic vertebrae IV and V:
these 2 mediastinum are the superior and inferior mediastinum
What is the inferior mediastinum further split into? (3)
the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum
Where in the thorax is the mediastinum located? a) anatomical relations to lungs
b) vertebrae
c) sternum
median portion of thorax
- located centrally between lungs
- anterior to vertebrae
- posterior to sternum
What does the superior mediastinum contain?
the great vessels
What is the pericardium?
fibro-serous, fluid-filled sack that surrounds the muscular body of the heart and the roots of the great vessels (the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and the superior and inferior vena cavae).
What are the 2 layers of pericardium?
fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium?
outer fibrous, tough sleeve protecting the heart from distention and enlargement
Which layer of the pericardium denotes the middle mediastinum (middle = division of inferior mediastinum)?
the fibrous layer - outer
What 2 structures is the fibrous pericardium attached inferiorly to?
inferiorly to the diaphragm and sternum, creating a base for the heart
What vessels is the fibrous pericardium associated with?
the great vessels, as the fibrous pericardium continues the adventitia of great vessels
What is the serous pericardium?
thinner, more delicate membrane, double layer
What are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?
parietal (outer)
visceral (inner) - attached to myocardium of heart
hat allows to heart to contract and relax?
layers of serous pericardium slide over each other to allow movement during heart beat - allows contract, relax the serum fluid inside