General Drug Information

Question 1

Minimum standards for drug identification

Answer 1

• Use of an analytical scheme based on validated methods

* competence of analyst

Question 2

What are the three analytical categories

Answer 2

A, B, C

Question 3

If category A test is performed then______

Answer 3

Then atleast one other technique from category A,B, or C shall be used

Question 4

When category A technique is not used then_____

Answer 4

Then atleast 3 different validated methods shall be employed (2/3 should be From category B)

Question 5

Improve quality of the forensic examination of seized drugs

Answer 5

SWGDRUG

scientific working group for the analysis of seized drugs

Question 6

Drug Chemistry

Answer 6

Any substance:

• that causes dependency in humans
• intended for use in the diagnosis,cure,mitigation,treatment, or prevention of disease
• that alters the mind,sense,mood, or thought
• losted in US pharmacopeia, homeopathic pharmacopeia, national formulary

Question 7

Natural Classification

Answer 7

Alkaloids
Caffeine
Cannabis

Question 8

Semisynthetic Classification

Answer 8

Heroin
Hormones
Steroids

Question 9

Synthetic Classification

Answer 9

Benzodiazepines

Question 10

Physiologic Classification

Answer 10

Analgesic
Depressants
Dissociative Anesthetics
Hallucinogens
Narcotics
Stimulants

Question 11

Analgesic

Answer 11

Pain relief (aspirin,ibuprofen, morphine)

Question 12

Depressant

Answer 12

Suppresses nervous system response (barbiturates, Valium)

Question 13

Dissociative Anesthetics

Answer 13

Removes you from reality (ketamine,PCP)

Question 14

Hallucinogens

Answer 14

Out of body experience (LSD, Psulocybin)

Question 15

Narcotics

Answer 15

Induce sleep (heroin, morphine,codeine)

Question 16

Stimulants

Answer 16

(Amphetamine, cocaine,nicotine)

Question 17

Common forms of drugs

Answer 17

Powders
Plant matter
Pills
Precursor 
Paraphernalia

Question 18

Toxicology

Answer 18

The study of how natural or man made poisons cause undesirable effects in living organisms

Question 19

Toxic

Answer 19

Poisonous or deadly effects

Question 20

Toxicant

Answer 20

Chemical that can injure or kill humans, animals, or plants; a poison

Question 21

Pharmokinetics

Answer 21

Relationship b/w dosage regimen and profile of drug concentration in blood over time

Question 22

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 22

Relationships b/w drug concentration time profile and therapeutic and toxic effects

Question 23

Pharmokinetics and Pharmacodynamics:

Answer 23

Aspects of

• absorption
• distribution
• excretion
• metabolism
• compartmental modeling

Question 24

Toxicokinetics

Answer 24

Subdivision of pharmacokinetics concerned with impact of toxins on normal body-drug interactions

Question 25

Routes of absorption

Answer 25

``` Oral Inhalation Intravenous Intramuscular Rectal Oral mucosa Intrathecal Dermal Ocular Intranasally ```

Question 26

Solubility

Answer 26

Maximum concentration of a substance that may be completely dissolved in a given solvent at a given temp and pressure

Question 27

Solubility

Answer 27

``` Polar (delta > 50) Semi-polar (delta = 20-50) Non polar (delta = 1-20) ```

Question 28

Solubility and Distribution of Stomach and Intestines

Answer 28

``` Stomach = pH of 2 Intestine = pH of 8 ```

Question 29

Agonist

Answer 29

Drug that binds to receptors and thereby alters the proportion of receptors in the active conformation resulting in biological response

Question 30

Chemical Antagonism

Answer 30

Chemical interaction b/w drug and either a chemical or another drug leading to a reduced or nil response

Question 31

Physiologic Antagonism

Answer 31

Occurs when two drugs acting in different receptors and pathways exert opposing actions in same physiologic system

Question 32

Pharmacokinetic Antagonism

Answer 32

Result of one drug suppressing the effect of a second drug by reducing its absorption, altering its distribution, or increasing its rate of elimination

Question 33

Pharmacological Antagonism

Answer 33

Occurs when antagonist inhibits the effect of a full or partial agonist by acting on the same pathway but not necessarily on the same receptor

Question 34

Volume of distribution

Answer 34

Indicates where a drug is to be found primarily in the blood or in another bodily site

Question 35

Sites of elimination

Answer 35

Kidney | Liver

Question 36

Major excretory organs

Answer 36

Liver Kidney Other organs also have lesser roles in drug elimination

Question 37

Drug clearance

Answer 37

Volume of blood in a defined region of the body that is cleared of a drug in a unit of time