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FRNSC 427 > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Alcohol

A

Ethanol
Methanol
Isopropanol
Ethylene glycol

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2
Q

Routes of administration

A

Topical
Inhalation
Intravenous injection
Oral ingestion

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3
Q

Pharmacology and Toxicology

A

Absorption
Distribution
Elimination in the body

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4
Q

Factors affecting absorption

A

Alcohol concentration of the ingested beverage
Physiology
Presence of food in the stomach

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5
Q

Alcohol concentration of the ingested beverage

A

Beverages > 30% alc will irritate the gastric mucosa and increase mucous production

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6
Q

Physiology

A

Changes in blood supply to GI tract

Changes in motility will affect speed with which ethanol enters the small intestine

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7
Q

Presence of food in the stomach

A

Food in the stomach will prolong gastric emptying time, resulting in a lower, delayed peak blood alcohol concentration

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8
Q

Distribution

A

Alcohol = hydrophilic and will distribute into fluid and tissues according to water content

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9
Q

Total body weight (TBW) dependent on

A

Age
Sex
Body Weight

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10
Q

Alcohol metabolism

A

5-10% ethanol is excreted
Bio transformation occurs in liver
Commences as soon as ethanol is absorbed
Alcohol dehydrogenase is primary enzyme

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11
Q

Elimination

A

Zero order kinetics
Ranges 10-20 mg/100mL
Average rate of elimination is 15mg/100mL/hour
Unaffected by coffee, air, showering

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12
Q

Fructose can

A

Increase elimination rate of alcohol

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13
Q

Effects of alcohol on the body

A

Vasodilatation
Disinhibition
CNS Depressant

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14
Q

Vasodilatation

A

Creates feeling of warmth when alcoholic beverages are consumed

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15
Q

Disinhibition

A

Responsible for the “stimulant” effects of alcohol

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16
Q

CNS Depressant

A

Non selective depression of brain and spinal cord

Effects occur on a continuum -with increased BAC, increased effects occur

17
Q

Alcohol intoxication is major risk factor of

A

Positional asphyxiation

18
Q

Alcohol in the blood

A

Plasma and serum are the “watery” components of whole blood

*both have higher alcohol content than whole blood

19
Q

Alcohol in urine

A

Alcohol will pass from the blood into the urine as the blood is filtered through the kidneys

20
Q

Alcohol in breath

A

Alcohol is volatile- at physiological temperatures alcohol will diffuse from the blood into the alveolar air of the lung and into the breath

21
Q

Effects of alcohol and driving

A 
The following are impaired at low BAC:
Judgement 
Ability to divide attention
Choice reaction time
Tracking
Vision
22
Q

Field sobriety tests

A

Nystagmus -jerking of eyes as they move to the side
Walk and turn
One leg stand

23
Q

Analysis for blood alcohol

A

GC testing

FRNSC 427 (8 decks)

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