General - Description

Question 1

285

Dystrophic calcification (Infracus renis anemicus)
Description

Answer 1

• Irregular oval focus
• Red-violet stained centre = Calcification (dystrophic calcium salt deposition)
• Focus is limited by granulation tissue (fibrocytes and collagenous fibres)
• At margin lymphocytes and histiocytes infiltration is seen

Question 2

225

Hemosiderosis of spleen (Liesegang)
Description

Answer 2

• Liesegang staining is used to prove presence of haemosiderin
• Haemosiderins appear as BLUE stained granules in the red pulp of the spleen (nuclei are stained red)
• Present as lumps in macrophages (siderophages, siderocytes) or encrusted on fibers of the connective tissue

Question 3

33

Necrosis hepatis centrolobularis
Description

Answer 3

• All lobules show alteration
• Branching plates are normal only at the periphery of lobules
• Center of lobules is filled with erythrocytes so the necrosis is not seen
• We can seem remenents of the hepatocytes as the undergo necrosis
• Affected zone appears red

Question 4

180

Necrosis hepatis focalis
Description

Answer 4

• Eosinophilically stainded focus, without nuclei due to karyolysis, with trabecular structure still present and simple coagulative necrosis
• Inflammatory cells on the edge line the nodule, they undergo necrobiosis. Separate the dead/necrotic tissue from the healthy
• Intact hepatocytes observed on the other side of the line of inflammatory cells

Question 5

187

Infractus renis anemicus
Description

Answer 5

• Necrotic tissue stains bright pink, coagulative necrosis, cellular outlines and tissue structure are still present
• Necrotic area is surrounded by inflammatory zone (darker/hyperaemia) with neutrophilic granulocytes and erythrocytes (red line)

Question 6

223

Chronic passive hyperemia of liver
Description

Answer 6

• Congestion and dilation of the blood vessels is seen
• Sinusoids of the liver parenchyma are widened and filled with erythrocytes
• Hemosiderin in macrophages can be found if process is chronic

Question 7

25

Pleuritis fibrinosa (repair by organisation)
Description

Answer 7

• Pink stained fibrin, locally infiltrated by macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils
• Beneath the fibrin is young granulation tissue, it proliferates into fibrin
• Deeper the maturition to fibrous connective tissue can be seen
• The spaces between the capillarie are filled with macrophages, lymphocytes and spindle shaped fibroblasts

Question 8

148

Fibrosis myocardii
Description

Answer 8

• Myocardium is locally substituted by mature fibous tissue, bright staining
• In some areas fatty tissue is present

Question 9

255

Bronchopneumonia purulenta
Description

Answer 9

• Enlargement of capillaries with blood is seen especially in itraalveolar septa
• Alveoli are filled with extensive infiltrate containing different cells, predominently neutrophils but also has leukocytes, lymphocytes, desquamated pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages
• Usually lies in blank amount of grey pinkish homogenous fluid exudate, neutrophils also fill the bronchial spaces

Question 10

253

Pericarditis fibrinosa
Description

Answer 10

• On myocardial surface is thickened layer of oedematous subepicardial tissue and endothelial reminants covered in fibrinous mass mixed with lymphocytes and neutrophils

Question 11

166

Cirrhosis hepatis
Description

Answer 11

• Proliferated fibrous tissue
• Infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages

Question 12

201

Actinomycosis
Description

Answer 12

• Actinomycotic nodules are seen at lower magnification, with bacterial colonies in center
• Bacterial colonies consisting of intertwined radiating filaments (rays), capped by eosinofilic hyaline material (clubs) creating a sunburst pattern = Splendor-Hoeppli phenomen surrounded by disintegrated neutrophils (pus)
• Specific granulation tissue is the next layer (epithelioid and multinucleated giant macrophages)
• Non-specific granulation tissue may border the nodules (fibroblasts) forming the next to layers

Question 13

263

Pneumonia TBC miliaris - poultry
Description

Answer 13

• Pathological content fills most of the air fistulas
• Formed by round foci with central necrosis (pink), surrounded by specific granulation tissue
• Close to the necrotic centers are macrophages and lymphocytes, numerous to the periphery
• Giant cell may also form in some

Question 14

264

Pneumonia TBC miliaris - poultry with Ziehl-Nielson
Description

Answer 14

• Ziehl-Nielson staining is used for special proof of mycobacterium
• Positive acid-fast rods bacilli and their clumps stain red, are localised mainly in necrotic centre

Question 15

219

Adenoma and adenocarcinoma sabaceum
Description

Answer 15

• On the left side is Adenoma a benign tumour
• On the right side is Adenocarcinoma a malignant tumour
• In adenoma there are lighter cells more similar in size/shape/acinar structure
• In adenocarcinoma basophilic cells that rarely resemble normal acinar structure and cells, pathogenic mitosis is noted
• The tumour cells are relatively large, light ones with vacuolated foamy cytoplasm, and large light nuclei (some with necrotic changes)

Question 16

235

SCC - Squamous cell carcinoma
Description

Answer 16

• Eosinophilic stained formation grow into the dermis with tumour cells spread as slender anastomotic cords, some cells fall off the cord and remain as isolated islands in the dermal stroma
• The tumour cells resemble the normal stratum spinosum epidermis but have vesicular nuclei with one or more prominent nucleoli
• Keratinization within such cords of islands result in laminated keratin “pearls” surrounded by tumour cells
• At the periphery of these islet cells resemble to basal ones following differentiated cells of stratum spinosum and keratinization in the center occurs

Question 17

283

Fibroma molle
Description

Answer 17

• Cells with fewer fibrils run aimlessly in all directions and mitosis are seldom.
• Tumour tissue is locally oedematous, permeated (no stained slots among individual cells) or infiltrated by heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages (body reaction)