GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards
One of the characteristics of high quality CPR is starting compressions within ____ seconds.
10
How many cardia arrests are unwitnessed?
Half (50%)
What % of adult patients with nontraumatic cardia arrest treated by EMS survive to discharge
10%
What age group gets adult CPR
adolescents and older
The compression rate in high quality CPR is:
100-120 bpm
How deep are compressions in high quality CPR for adults
2 inches (a range of 2-2.4 inches if using a CPR quality feedback device.
How deep are compressions in high quality CPR for children
2 inches aka 1/3 the depth of the chest
How deep are compressions for infant high quality CPR
1 1/2 inches aka 1/3 the depth of the chest
Should you allow for complete chest recoil after each compression in high quality CPR?
Yes
Interruptions in high quality CPR should be minimized to:
Less than 10 seconds
When can chest compressions cause injury?
When the depth too deep (greater than 2.4 in./6 cm)
Are chest compressions often too shallow or too deep?
Too shallow
What four things is your response to CPR determined by?
- availability of emergency equipment
- availability of trained rescuers
- level of training expertise
- local protocols
Is early recognition and CPR crucial for survival from cardia arrest?
Yes
Does high quality CPR provide improved patient outcomes and save more lives?
Yes
What are the two distinct chains of survival in adults?
In-hospital Cardiac arrest
Out-of-hospital Cardiac arrest
What typically causes in-hospital CPR?
Serious respiratory or circulatory conditions that get worse
How can you predict and prevent in-hospital cardiac arrest?
Careful observation (surveillance), prevention, and early treatment of prearrest conditions.
What are the three essential things in the treatment of in-hospital cardiac arrest?
Immediate activation of of the resuscitation team, early high-quality CPR and rapid defibrillation.
What may a patient be evaluated for following a cardiac arrest?
Blockage (cath lab),
The five links in the chain of survival for an in-patient adults are:
1 - Surveillance, prevention, early treatment of pre-arrest conditions;
2 - immediate recognition and activation of emergency response system
3 - Early CPR w/ an emphasis on chest comp.
4 - Rapid defibrillation
5 - Multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care
What are most out of hospital arrests caused by?
Underlying cardiac conditions
In the Chain of Survival, lay rescuers in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are to:
Recognize victim’s distress, call for help and start CPR and initiate public access to a defibrillation unit until EMS arrives
What 7 resuscitation constraints do both in-hospital and out-of-hospital share in common?
Both settings may be affected by factors such as:
- crowd control
- family presence
- space constraints
- resources
- training
- transportation
- device failures
Are the links in the Chain of Survival connected?
Yes - each link describes an action during resuscitation that is critical to a successful outcome. If one link is broken, the chance for a good outcome is decreased.
Can many arrests be predicted and prevented?
Yes - observation, prevention, early treatment
What are the symptoms of someone who is in cardiac arrest?
unresponsiveness, abnormal breathing or only gasping, no pulse
What is ROSC
Return Of Spontaneous Circulation
What are the links in the chain of survival for out-of-hospital CPR?
Immediate recognition and activation of Emergency response system.
Early CPR w/ an Emphasis on Chest Compressions
Rapid Defibrillation with an AED
Effective advanced life support, including rapid stabilization and transport to post-cardiac arrest
What are the 4 links the chain of survival for pediatric patients?
- prevention of arrest
- early high quality CPR
- Rapid activation of the emergency response system
- Effective ALS including integrated post-cardiac arrest care
What is often the cause of pediatric cardiac arrest?
respiratory failure and shock
What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart develops an abnormal RHYTHM and can’t pump blood.
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked by a CLOT.
How long after cardiac arrest begins does death occur.
Because cardiac arrest is a RHYTHM problem, death occurs within minutes if the victim does not receive immediate lifesaving treatment.
Does the heart continue to pump blood in a heart attack?
Yes, however the longer the person with a heart attack goes without treatment, the greataer the possible damage to the heart muscle.
Can the damaged heart muscle resulting from a heart attack cause an abnormal rhythm?
Yes
How can heart attack symptoms present in women that is different from men?
Pain the the jaw, arms, back or neck
Lightheadedness
Nausea/vomiting
How long can symptoms of a heart attack last?
They can appear immediately and last for weeks
What are the typical symptoms of a heart attack?
Severe discomfort in the chest or other areas of the upper body,
Shortness of breath,
Cold sweats,
nausea/vomiting
Do most heart attacks lead to sudden cardiac arrest?
No
When cardiac arrest occurs is heart attack a common cause?
Yes
Is sudden cardiac arrest a leading cause of death?
Yes, nearly 360,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur annually in the United States.
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?
Homes
Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
Respiratory failure and shock
What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital survival?
Rapid defibrillation
