BLS for Infants and Children

Question 1

Who are considered infants by AHA?

Answer 1

Children less than 1 year of age (excluding newly born)

Question 2

Who are considered children by AHA?

Answer 2

Children are from 1 year of age to puberty. Signs of puberty include chest or underarm hair on males and any breast development in females

Question 3

What is the first step in pediatric cardiac arrest?

Answer 3

Verify scene safety

Question 4

What do you do after you have verified the scene for safety?

Answer 4

Check for responsiveness

Question 5

How do you check for responsiveness in an infant?

Answer 5

Tap the heel of the infant’s foot

Question 6

If the victim is nonreponsive what should you do?

Answer 6

Call for help, active the emergency response system

Question 7

After you have called for help and activated the EMS what should you do?

Answer 7

Assess the infant or child for normal breathing and a pulse, at the same time to minimize delay.

Question 8

How long should you take to assess for breathing and a pulse?

Answer 8

No more than 10 seconds

Question 9

How do you check for breathing in a pediatric patient?

Answer 9

Look for rise and fall of the chest

Question 10

What do you do if the victim IS breathing?

Answer 10

Monitor the victim until additional help arrives

Question 11

What do you do if the victim is not breathing or is only gasping?

Answer 11

Begin rescue breathing 1 breath every 3-5 seconds, 12-20 breaths per minute.

Question 12

If the victim is not breathing or is only gasping what is going on?

Answer 12

The victim is in respiratory or cardiac arrest.

Question 13

If you have started rescue breathing and the patient’s heart rate drops below 60bpm and has signs of poor perfusion what should you do?

Answer 13

Begin chest compressions.

Question 14

After providing rescue breathing for 2 minutes what should you do?

Answer 14

Activate EMS if not already done. Continue rescue breathing checking pulse about every 2 minutes.

Question 15

What should you do if no breathing or only gaspoing and definitely no pulse after 10 second check?

Witnessed vs. unwitnessed

Answer 15

If you witnessed the collapse then activate EMS and retrieve the AED and then begin CPR 30:2

If not witnessed, begin CPR 30:2

Use AED as soon as it is available

Question 16

What is the compression ratio when you have a 2nd rescuer?

Answer 16

15:2

Question 17

After 2 minutes of CPR and you are still alone what should you do?

Answer 17

1. active EMS if not already done

2. Set up AED and have it analyze the rhythm to determine if it is shockable

Question 18

What do you do after the AED delivers a shock?

Answer 18

Continue CPR for 2 minutes until AED analyzes again. Continue until ALS arrives or patient moves.

Question 19

What do you do if the rhythm is not shockable?

Answer 19

Continue CPR for 2 minutes until AED analyzes again. Continue until ALs arrives or patients moves.

Question 20

Where do you check a pulse on an infant?

Answer 20

Brachial

Question 21

How do you perform a pulse check on a child?

Answer 21

Carotid or femoral

Question 22

If the victim is breathing and a pulse is present

Answer 22

Monitor

Question 23

If you are alone and the arrest was sudden and witnessed what should you do?

Answer 23

Leave the victim to activate EMS and get an AED

Question 24

If you are alone and the arrest was NOT sudden and was NOT witnessed

Answer 24

Begin high quality CPR for 2 minutes

Question 25

What technique do you use for chest compressions on an infant in single rescuer CPR?

Answer 25

Place 2 finger just below the nipple line in the center of the chest

Question 26

What technique do you use for chest compressions on a child?

Answer 26

1 or 2 hands (whatever is needed to get adquate depth)

Question 27

What is the compression rate for an infant?

Answer 27

100-120/min

Question 28

Should chest compression and chest recoil last approximately the same amount of time?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

What chest compression technique do you use in infant CPR when there are 2 rescuers?

Answer 29

The 2 thumb -encircling hands technique

Question 30

Explain the 2 thumb-encircling hands technique

Answer 30

Place both thumbs side by side in the center of the infant’s chest, on the lower half o the breastbone.

The thumbs may overlap in very small infants.

Encircle the infant’s chest and support the infant’s back with the fingers of both hands

Question 31

What is the compression:breath ratio in 2 rescuer infant CPR

Answer 31

15:2

Question 32

How often do rescuers switch roles in infant CPR?

Answer 32

Every 2 minutes or every 5 cycles.

Question 33

How long do you continue infant CPR?

Answer 33

Until the AED arrives, advanced providers take over or the infant begins to breathe, move or otherwise respond.

Question 34

Why is the 2 thumb-encircling hands technique preferred in 2 rescuer infant cpr?

Answer 34

• may generate higher blood pressures
• improved blood supply to the heart muscle
• helps ensure consistent depth and force of chest compressions

Question 35

What reduces the oxygen content in the blood of children who develop cardiac arrest?

Answer 35

The underdlying causes such as respriatory failure and shock tend to decrease oxygen supply in the blood making the delivery of breaths more important

Question 36

What is the correct compression-to-ventillation ratio for a single rescuer of a 3-yeaar old child?

Answer 36

30:2

Question 37

What is the correct compression-to ventilation ratio for a 7-year old child when 2 or more rescuers are present?

Answer 37

15:2

Question 38

For what age victim is the 2 thumb-encircling hands technique recommended when 2 or more rescuers are present?

Answer 38

An infant younger than 1