General Characteristics And Classification Of Mycotoxins Flashcards
General characzeristics
- mycotoxins are product of secondary metabolism of microscopic fungi
- extremely resistant to external effect e.g.heat
- extreme human and animal health hazards all over the world
Outcome of mycotoxins
- depressed immunity
- decreased feed consumption, feed refusal
- retarded growth
- decreased production
- embryo mortality, abortion
- increased disease incidence: ketosis, fatty liver, metritis, mastitis, abomasum displacement, retained placenta
Prerequisites of intoxication
• Presence of one or more mycotoxins in the feed/food
• Appropriate concentration of the mycotoxin,
• Sufficient length of consumption
• Individual/herd level sensitivity
• Intoxication
◦ Production decline
◦ Characteristic disease
Development of mycotoxins
• Input of mycotoxin→metabolism of mycotoxins
◦ Excretion of mycotoxin metabolites→food safety, pollution of the environment
◦ Mycotoxin/metabolite binds to receptors
‣ Animal health consequences
‣ Food safety consequences
Classification in poultry and livestock production
• Store-house moulds
◦ Aspergillus and penicillum spp.
→aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin, patulin, rubratoxin B, ergot toxins
‣ Water content of the grain→14-24%
‣ Equilibrium relative humidity:≥70%
‣ Prior to harvest intact seeds are resistant for multiplication of fungi
‣ Multiplication needs seed damage←mechanical(harvest),insects
‣ Temperature→varies according to the needs of fungi
• Field moulds
◦ Fusarium spp
→zearalenone(F-2), trichothecenes(T-2), fumonisns(B1,B2,B3,B6)
◦ Stachibotrys atra (alternans)
→satratoxins (Macrocyclic trichothecenes)