General Characteristics And Classification Of Mycotoxins Flashcards

1
Q

General characzeristics

A
  • mycotoxins are product of secondary metabolism of microscopic fungi
  • extremely resistant to external effect e.g.heat
  • extreme human and animal health hazards all over the world
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2
Q

Outcome of mycotoxins

A
  • depressed immunity
  • decreased feed consumption, feed refusal
  • retarded growth
  • decreased production
  • embryo mortality, abortion
  • increased disease incidence: ketosis, fatty liver, metritis, mastitis, abomasum displacement, retained placenta
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3
Q

Prerequisites of intoxication

A

• Presence of one or more mycotoxins in the feed/food
• Appropriate concentration of the mycotoxin,
• Sufficient length of consumption
• Individual/herd level sensitivity
• Intoxication
◦ Production decline
◦ Characteristic disease

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4
Q

Development of mycotoxins

A

• Input of mycotoxin→metabolism of mycotoxins
◦ Excretion of mycotoxin metabolites→food safety, pollution of the environment
◦ Mycotoxin/metabolite binds to receptors
‣ Animal health consequences
‣ Food safety consequences

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5
Q

Classification in poultry and livestock production

A

• Store-house moulds
◦ Aspergillus and penicillum spp.
→aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin, patulin, rubratoxin B, ergot toxins
‣ Water content of the grain→14-24%
‣ Equilibrium relative humidity:≥70%
‣ Prior to harvest intact seeds are resistant for multiplication of fungi
‣ Multiplication needs seed damage←mechanical(harvest),insects
‣ Temperature→varies according to the needs of fungi
• Field moulds
◦ Fusarium spp
→zearalenone(F-2), trichothecenes(T-2), fumonisns(B1,B2,B3,B6)
◦ Stachibotrys atra (alternans)
→satratoxins (Macrocyclic trichothecenes)

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