Categorization, Disposal And Processing Of Animal Wastes Flashcards
Animal wastes or by-products by definition are:
◦ Entire bodies or parts of animals or products of animal origin not intended for human consumption, including ova, embryos and semen;
◦ 1069/2009/EC
‣ 3categories
Category I
- all body parts incl. hides, skins of:
1, animals suspected of being infected by TSE, or presence of TSE has been confirmed
2, killed in the context of TSE eradication measures
3, animals other than production animals or wild animals
4, experimental animals
5, wild animals when suspected of being infected with transmissible diseases
Disposal of category I materials
- direct incineration in incineration plant or in co-incineration plant
- processed in aprocessing plant:
1, disposed as waste by incineration
2, by co-incineration
3, by burial in landfill
SRM - specified risk material
Categorization
‣ CATEGORY 1: Country or region free of BSE
‣ CATEGORY 2: BSE provisionally free country or region where no indigenous case has been reported
‣ CATEGORY 3: BSE provisionally free country or region where at least one indigenous case has been
reported
‣ CATEGORY 4: Country or region with low incidence of BSE
‣ CATEGORY 5: Country or region with high incidence of BSE
SRM - material
‣ CATEGORIES 1 AND 2: None
‣ CATEGORIES 3 AND 4:
• the skull incl. the brain and eyes, the tonsils and the spinal cord of bovine animals aged over 12 months, and the intestines from the duodenum to the rectum of bovine animals of all ages;
• the skull including the brain and eyes, the tonsils and the spinal cord of ovine and caprine animals aged over 12 months or which have a permanent incisor erupted through the gum, and the spleen of ovine and caprine animals of all ages.
‣ CATEGORIES 5:
• the entire head (excl. the tongue), incl. the brain, eyes, trigeminal ganglia and tonsils; the thymus; the spleen and the spinal cord of bovine animals aged over six months, and the intestines
from the duodenum to the rectum of animals of all ages;
• the vertebral column, incl. dorsal root ganglia, of bovine animals aged over 30months;
• the skull incl. the brain and eyes, the tonsils, the spinal cord of ovine and caprine animals aged over 12 months or which have a permanent incisor erupted through the gum, and the spleen of ovine and caprine animals of all ages
SRM removal
‣ slaughter houses
‣ high-risk processing plants; cutting plants, high-risk processing plants or premises referred to in Articles 3
and 7 of Directive 90/667/EEC (1), under the supervision of a designated agent appointed by the competent authority.
- must be stained with a dye and marked with a marker immediately on removal, and completely destroyed
1, by incineration without pre-processing
2, or provided that the dye or marker remains detectable after pre-processing
Other SRM materials
• products of animal origin containing residues of environmental contaminants (like e.g. dioxin, melamin etc.)
• all animal material collected when treating waste water from Category 1 processing plants
• catering waste from means of transport operating internationally
• mixtures of Category 1 material with either Category 2 material or Category 3 material or both, incl. any material
destined for processing in a Category 1 processing plant
Category 2 materials
• animals and parts of animals that died or born died, aborted embryos and/or foetal membranes and not listed in category 1 by-products including animals killed to eradicate an epizootic disease;
• manure and digestive tract content
• materials collected from water from slaughter houses (Cat.2)
• products of animal origin containing residues of drugs and other contaminants
• mixtures of Category 2 material with Category 3 material and animal by-products other than Category 1 material
orCategory 3 material.
Disposal of Category 2 Materials
• Processed in a processing plant 1, disposed as waste by incineration 2, by burial in landfill 3, by composting 4, by bio-gas production 5, Use as fertilizer after proper treatment (sterilisation)
Category 3 materials
- parts of slaughtered animals, fit for human consumption, but not intended for that purpose for commersial reasons
- parts of slaughtered animals, rejected as unfit for human consumption but not affected by any signs of diseases
- hides and skins, hooves and horns, pig bristles and feathers from slaughtered animals, after undergoing antemortem inspection, and were fit for human consumption
- blood from slaughtered non-ruminant animals, after undergoing antemortem inspection and fit for human consumption
- animal by-products derived from products intended for human cons.
- former foodstuffs of animal origin or containing products of animal origin, other than catering waste, no longer fit for human cons. due to commercial reasons or problems of manufacturing or packaging defects which do not present any risk to humans or animals
- raw milk from animals, no clinical signs of diseases
- fish or other sea animals, ex. sea mammals, caught in the open sea for fishmeal production
- fresh by-products from fish from products for human cons.
- shells, hatchery by-products, cracked egg by-products from animals without clinical signs of diseases
- blood, hides, skins, hooves, feathers, wool, horns, hair, fur from living animals without clinical signs of diseases
- catering waste other than as referred to in category I wastes
Category 3 materials can be processed into
• pet food, dog chews and technical materials other than fertilizers etc.
• Transported to the field (milk, colostrum etc)
• Use as fertilizer after proper treatment (sterilisation)
• Except:
blood, hides, skins, hooves, feathers, wool, horns, hair, fur, catering waste other than as referred to in Category I
Processing of category 1 and 2 materials in processing (rendering) plan
◦ shall be collected from:
‣ animal production units, slaughter houses , municipal areas
◦ shall be identified
◦ shall be transported to rendering plants
Rendering plants
Location
• Minimum protective distance from human settlements is 1km
• Only in industrial areas
• Layout
◦ 180 cm high closed fence, barbed wire is advised, Disinfection at the gates, 40 m wide forest belt, Separated clean and unclean sectors
Rendering plant
Unclean sectors
◦ covered area for receiving animal by-products;
◦ it should be easy to clean and disinfect;
◦ floors should facilitate draining of liquids;
◦ adequate lavatories, changing rooms, and wash basins;
◦ sufficient capacity for generating hot water and steam for processing;
◦ equipped with machinery to crush byproducts to appropriate size
◦ by-products should be processed without delay;
◦ containers, receptacles, vehicles used for transporting unprocessed materials should be cleaned and
disinfected at designated area;
◦ persons working in the unclean sector must not enter the clean sector;
◦ waste water from unclean area must be treated to kill all pathogens;
◦ pest (birds, insects, rodents) control
Rendering plants
Methods of processing
◦ according to flow of production:
‣ fractional production
‣ continuous production
◦ according to method of lipid extraction:
‣ wet process:
• coagulation by steam
• separation the wet and dry phase by sieve or centrifuge
‣ dry process:
• boiled materials are first dried then lipids are extracted by Pressing, Centrifuging, extracting with: petrol, hexan
