General - Ch. 13 Flashcards
Causes of lymphopenia
HIV, glucocorticoids, chemo, autoimmune disorders, malnutrition, some acute viral infections
Splenomegaly leads to…
Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, maybe anemia
Most common cause of agranulocytosis
Drug toxicity (chemo drugs or sulfonamides)
LGL leukemia…what is it? Side effect?
Monoclonal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes causes feedback suppression of granulocytic precursors, causing neutropenia
Ulcerating necrotizing lesions of gingiva, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, pharynx, or other part of oral cavity…think what? Causes?
Agranulocytosis - via chemo drugs, sulfonamides, aplastic anemia, infiltrative marrow disorders, megaloblastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, Kostmann syndrome
Infection w/ massive organismal growth and little leukocytic response. Bacteria growing in colonies
Botryomycosis - due to neutropenia
4 major causes (general) of leukocytosis
- Increased production in marrow
- Increased release from marrow stores
- Decreased margination in capillary beds
- Decreased extravasation into tissues
Causes of leukocytosis due to increased production in marrow
- Chronic inflammation/infection
- Paraneoplastic response (HL, etc.)
- Myeloproliferative disorder (CML, etc.)
Causes of leukocytosis due to increased release from marrow stores
- Endotoxemia
- Infection
- Hypoxia
Causes of leukocytosis due to deceased margination in capillary beds
Exercise, catecholamines
Cause of leukocytosis due to decreased extravasation into tissues
Glucocorticoids
Neutrophilic leukocytosis…think?
- Pyogenic infection
- Tissue necrosis (MI, burns) - sterile inflammation
Eosinophilic leukocytosis…think?
Allergies, parasites, drug reactions, some lymphomas, autoimmune disorders, IBD, vasculitides
Basophilic leukocytosis…think?
Myeloproliferative disease (CML)
Monocytosis…think?
Chronic infections (TB), endocarditis, rickettsia, malaria; autoimmune disorders, IBD
Lymphocytosis…think?
Viral infections, Bordetella pertussis, chronic infections (TB, Brucellosis)
Severe infection, many immature granulocytes in the blood
Leukemoid reaction - NOT neoplastic
Highly dynamic structures in which B cells acquire the capacity to make high-affinity antibodies against specific antigens
Germinal centers - LNs
Cervical lymphadenitits, infection symptoms
Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis - teeth or tonsil infection
Axillary lymphadenitits, infection symptoms
Acute nonspecific lymphadenitits - extremity infection
Mesenteric lymphadenitis, infection symptoms
Acute appendicitis
Acute general lymphadenopathy, infection symptoms
Systemic viral infection or bacteremia
Naive B cells…neoplasm(s)?
CLL/SLL
Mantle B cells…neoplasm(s)?
Mantle cell lymphoma
Germinal center B cells…neoplasm(s)?
- Follicular lymphoma
- Burkitt lymphoma
- DLBCL
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Marginal B cells…neoplasm(s)?
- DLBCL
- Marginal zone lymphoma
- CLL/SLL
All peripheral T cell lymphomas (not T-ALL) come from what cell type?
Peripheral T cells (paracortical region)
Good prognosis in ALL (5)
- 2-10 yo
- Low WBC count (peripheral blasts less than 100,000)
- Hyperdiploidy
- Trisomy of 4, 7, 10
- t(12;21)
How to diagnose AML?
Stains for myeloid-specific antigens
Common features of MPD’s
- Increased BM proliferation
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis
- Marrow fibrosis and cytopenias (spent phase)
- Acute leukemia transformation
