General Aviation Knowledge

Question 1

Detonation

What is it and why does it happen?

Answer 1

Detonation occurs when fuel in the cylinder explodes instead of burning smoothly….

-It occurs if the engine overheats or inadequate fuel grade is used

Question 2

Detonation

Why is it bad and how do you remedy it?

Answer 2

Detonation causes excessive temperatures and pressures which leads to the failure of the pistons, cylinders, or valves.

-If suspected, lower the nose to increase airflow to the engine and reduce throttle

Question 3

Preignition

What is it and why does it happen?

Answer 3

Preignition occurs when the fuel/air mixture is ignited in advance of the normal timed ignition.

-It is caused by a residual hot spot in the cylinder such as a carbon deposit on a spark plug, a cracked spark plug insulator, or any damage to the combustion chamber.

Question 4

Preignition

Why is it bad and how do you remedy it?

Answer 4

Preignition causes too much pressure too soon during the compression stroke. This leads to engine damage and poor performance.

-Lower cylinder temperatures immediately!
lower the nose, reduce throttle, and enrich the mixture.

Question 5

Does an Airworthiness Certificate expire?

Answer 5

No, it is effective as long as the plane is operated and maintained in accordance to Federal Aviation Regulations.

-Confirms original manufacturer and certification status.

Question 6

Where does the Airworthiness Certificate belong?

Answer 6

It must be visible to the pilot or passengers and is found in the door of the 172 Skyhawk.

Question 7

Registration Certificate requirements

Answer 7

• Not required to be visible, but must be onboard

- Expires every 3 years (Renewal required within 6 months of expiration)

Question 8

What is Adverse Yaw?

Answer 8

Adverse yaw occurs when the nose of the plane moves in the opposite direction of the intended turn.

-caused by increased drag on the down aileron(induced drag) Corrected with rudder!

Question 9

What are the aircraft categories for certification of airmen?

Answer 9

• Airplane
• Rotorcraft
• Glider
• Lighter than air

Question 10

What are the airplane classes for certification of airmen?

Answer 10

• Single-engine land
• Multi-engine land
• Single-engine sea
• Multi-engine sea

Question 11

What are the Categories for certification of aircraft?

Answer 11

• Transport
• Normal
• Utility
• Limited
• Restricted
• Acrobatic
• Provisional

Question 12

What are the Classes for certification of aircraft?

Answer 12

Same as categories for certification of airmen…

Question 13

V fe

Answer 13

maximum flap extended speed

Question 14

V le

Answer 14

maximum landing gear extended speed

Question 15

V no

Answer 15

maximum structural cruising speed, safe only in calm air

Question 16

V ne

Answer 16

never exceed speed

Question 17

V a

Answer 17

design maneuvering speed. maximum speed i can apply full deflection of any one control and not cause any structural damage. *for use during turbulence and maneuvers!

Question 18

V so

Answer 18

stalling speed in landing configuration

Question 19

V x

Answer 19

speed for the best angle of climb, reach desired altitude in shortest horizontal distance.. (greatest gain in altitude in a given distance)

Question 20

V y

Answer 20

speed for the best rate of climb, greatest gain in altitude in a given time. reach desired altitude in shortest amount of time.

Question 21

V s1

Answer 21

stalling speed in clean configuration (no flaps)

Question 22

V lo

Answer 22

maximum landing gear operation speed (do not engage landing gear if exceeding V lo)