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Physical Dx > General Assessment and Vitals > Flashcards

General Assessment and Vitals Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the general survey of the patient?

A
  • overall health
  • height, build, posture
  • dress, grooming, hygiene
  • facials expressions/ body language
  • speaking
  • awareness
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2
Q

What are the standard vital signs?

A
  • height
  • weight
  • temp
  • pulse
  • respiration
  • BP
  • pulse ox (+/-)
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3
Q

What guidelines should be followed for taking height/ weight?

A
  • height without shoes
  • weight with few clothes
  • no wet/ dirty diapers
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4
Q

What is a normal temperature?

A

98.6 deg F (37C)

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5
Q

What temperature is considered a fever?

A

100.4+ deg F (38C)

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6
Q

What are the different approaches to measuring temperature and how will they vary?

A
  • rectal - higher than oral
  • oral - affected by beverages & resp rate
  • axillary - lower than oral
  • infrared = tympanic (close to core tempP & temporal (affected by skin/ vascular changes)
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7
Q

What are the 3 locations pulse can be taken?

A
  • radial
  • apical (if peripheral difficult to obtain)
  • brachial (children)
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8
Q

How long should you take radial pulse for if there is any irregularity?

A

60 sec

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9
Q

What guidelines should be followed for taking respiration?

A
  • keep fingers on radial pulse
  • count 15-30 sec (esp with children)
  • note effort
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10
Q

What is a normal respiration, and what is considered tachypnea and bradypnea?

A
  • normal: 14-20/ min
  • tachypnea: >20
  • bradypnea: slow
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11
Q

What pressure is measured by systolic and diastolic and what is the difference of these 2 pressures?

A
  • systolic = peak pressure
  • diastolic = trough pressure it is tough to die
  • difference = “pulse pressure”
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12
Q

What guidelines should be followed for taking BP?

A
  • avoid taking over clothing
  • no smoking, exercise, caffeine for 30 min
  • feet on floor for 5 min FFF
  • center bladder over brachial artery, 2 cm above antecubital fossa
  • arm relaxed, slightly flexed, brachial artery at level of heart
  • support patient arm
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13
Q

How do you take BP?

A
  1. bell or diaphragm over brachial artery and auscultate
  2. 30 mmHg over expected systolic
  3. deflate @ 2-3 mm Hg/ sec
  4. systolic = first 2 consecutive beats
  5. diastolic = sounds disappear
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14
Q

What should you do if you get an abnormal BP reading?

A
  • compare with contralateral arm
  • re-check after 15-30 min
  • another person check
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15
Q

How should the patient be positioned before taking orthostatic BP?

A

supine for 5 min before

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16
Q

What is considered abnormal for orthostatic BP?

A

> 20mmHg drop in SBP
10mmHg drop in DBP
increase of HR of >20bpm

Physical Dx (14 decks)

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