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Physical Dx > Exam 3: Neuro > Flashcards

Exam 3: Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

(Spinothalamic tract vs posterior column) is associated with:
-Crude touch, pain, temp.

-Spinal injury has (contralateral/ipsilateral)
loss below injury?

-Sensory cortex injury has (contralateral/ipsilateral) loss?

A

Spinothalamic tract

  • Spinal injury = contralateral loss
  • Sensory cortex = contralateral loss
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2
Q

(Spinothalamic tract vs posterior column) is associated with:
-fine touch,
vibration, proprioception

  • Spinal injury has (contralateral/ipsilateral) loss below injury?
  • sensory cortex injury has (contralateral/ipsilateral) loss?
A

Posterior column

  • Spinal injury = ipsilateral loss
  • Sensory cortex = contralateral loss
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3
Q

UMN symptoms/is babinski (+/-)

A 
Everything is increased 
-hypertonia/reflexia
-spasticity
-atrophy diffusely 
\+ babinski
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4
Q

LMN symptoms/is babinski (+/-)

A

Everything is decreased

  • hypotonia/reflexia
  • flaccidity
  • denervation atrophy
  • babinski
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5
Q

Gait abnormality associated w/ foot drop

and also called neuropathic gait

A

steppage gait

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6
Q

(Unilateral/Bilateral) steppage gait is due to:

Peroneal n. injury/spinal nerve compression

A

unilateral steppage gait

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7
Q

(Unilateral/Bilateral) steppage gait is due to:

ALS, charcot-marie-tooth disease, peripheral neuropathy

A

Bilateral steppage gait

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8
Q

Gait abnormality associated w/ circumduction, drag toe

  • arm flexed/immobile, close to side
  • Ankles inverted/plantarflexed

What is this seen in?

A

Spastic hemiparesis

-Seen in corticospinal tract lesions (stroke)

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9
Q

Gait abnormality associated w/ thighs that cross, stiff gait

What is this seen in?

A

Scissors gait

-seen in spasticity disorders (CP)

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10
Q

Gait abnormality associated w/ unsteady gait, wide stance, throw feet forward/outward, heels then toes w/ double tap

What is this due to/seen with?

A

Sensory ataxia

-Due to loss of proprioception (peripheral neuropathy/posterior column damage)

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11
Q

Gait abnormality associated w/ stooped posture w/ head/arm/hip/knee flexion
-Shuffling, slow to start, stiff turns

What is this seen in?

A

Parkinsonian gait

-Seen in basal ganglia abnormalities (Parkinson disease)

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12
Q

Gait abnormality associated w/
pelvic drop

What is this due to?

A

Trendelenburg gait

-due to hip abductor weakness

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13
Q

Trendelenburg gait is also called

A

myopathic gait

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14
Q

Unilateral Trendelenburg gait is due to? Bilateral?

A

Unilateral = spinal n. compression/superior gluteal n. injury

Bilateral = muscular dystrophy

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15
Q

Abnormal romberg test is due to

A

posterior column disease/neuropathy

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16
Q

Abnormal pronator drift test is due to

A

UMN lesion (possible stroke)

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17
Q

Cause of abnormal heel to shin test that results in heel overshoots knee & foot oscillates side to side

A

cerebellar disease

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18
Q

Cause of abnormal heel to shin test that results in heel lifts too high

A

absent position sense

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19
Q

Abnormal finger to nose test is called? due to?

A

dysmetria

-cerebellar disease or MS

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20
Q

Abnormal rapid alternating movement test is called? due to?

A

dysdiadokinesia

-due to cerebellar disease

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21
Q

Abnormal CN I is called? due to?

A

anosmia (due to head trauma or parkinson disease)

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22
Q

Abnormal CN II is what? due to?

A

visual field defect (due to retinal emboli/optic neuritis/pituitary tumor/stroke)

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23
Q

Abnormal CN III is what?

Palsy of this CN is called

A

vertical/horizontal dipolpia

palsy = ptosis

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24
Q

Abnormal CN IV is what?

A

Vertical diplopia

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25
Q

Abnormal CN V is what?

A

trigeminal neuralgia

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26
Q

Abnormal CN VI is what?

A

horizontal diplopia, esotropia (eye towards nose & can’t move laterally)

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27
Q

Peripheral abnormal CN VII?

Central?

A

Peripheral = Bell’s Palsy

Central = Cerebral infarct

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28
Q

Abnormal CN VIII is what?

A

disequilibrium, vertigo, nystagmus

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29
Q

Abnormal CN IX is what?

A

no gag reflex, loss of taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

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30
Q

Abnormal CN X is what?

A

hoarseness, dyspnea, dysarthria, loss of gag reflex

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31
Q

Abnormal CN XI is what?

A

trapezius weakness, atrophy/fasciculations, scapular winging

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32
Q

Abnormal CN XII central lesion? peripheral lesion?

A

Central = tongue deviates away from weak side

peripheral = tongue deviates towards weak side

33
Q

Difference between screening and problem focused sensory exam

A

Screening exam = start distally then move proximally

Problem focused exam = dermatomal pattern bilaterally

34
Q

Dermatome for lateral upper arms

A

C5

35
Q

Dermatome for radial forearm and thumb

A

C6

36
Q

Dermatome for middle finger

A

C7

37
Q

Dermatome for ring/little finger

A

C8

38
Q

Dermatome for ulnar forearm

A

T1

39
Q

Dermatome for nipple line

A

T4

40
Q

Dermatome for umbilicus

A

T10

41
Q

Dermatome for inguinal region

A

L1

42
Q

Dermatome for anterior proximal thigh

A

L3

43
Q

Dermatome for knee/medial shin

A

L4

44
Q

Dermatome for lateral shin, dorsal foot to great toe

A

L5

45
Q

Dermatome for lateral and plantar foot

A

S1

46
Q

Tremors:
seen @ rest
associated w/ parkinson disease

A

Static tremor

47
Q

Tremors:
seen when affected area maintains posture

Associated w/ hyperthyroid, anxiety, fatigue, essential tremor

A

postural tremor

48
Q

Tremors:
absent @ rest, seen w/ movement

Associated w/ MS

A

intention tremor

49
Q

Involuntary movements:
Brief/repetitive/twitching

Associated w/ Tourette syndrome/medications

A

tics

50
Q

Involuntary movements:
Twisted posture of large body parts

Asociated w/ medications/spasmodic torticollis

A

dystonia

51
Q

Involuntary movements: Bzarre, rhythmic, repetitive movements

Associated w/ Parkinson disease, psychoses, medications

A

dyskinesias

52
Q

Involuntary movements:
Inability to sit still

Associated w/ medications (antipsychotics, Compazine)

A

akathisia

53
Q

Involuntary movements:
Brief, jerky, rapid unpredictable movements

Associated w/ huntington disease, rheumatic fever

A

chorea

54
Q

Involuntary movements:
Slow, twisting, writing movements

Associated w/ CP

A

athetosis

55
Q

What is associated w/ DTR of +4?

A

Clonus

56
Q

Hypoactive DTRs are associated with upper or lower motor neuron injuries

A

LMN

57
Q

Hyperactive DTRs are associated with upper or lower motor neuron injuries

A

UMN

58
Q

DTRs: biceps associated w/ what nerve roots

A

C5/C6

59
Q

DTRs: brachioradialis associated w/ what nerve roots

A

C5/C6

60
Q

Which DTRs are BOTH associated with the same nerve roots C5/C6

A

biceps/brachioradialis

61
Q

DTRs: triceps associated w/ what nerve roots

A

C6/C7

62
Q

DTRs: patella associated w/ what nerve roots

A

L4

63
Q

DTRs: Achilles associated w/ what nerve roots

A

S1

64
Q

DTRs: babinski associated w/ what nerve roots

A

L5/S1

65
Q

Abnormal babinski reflex shows what

A

toes fan out, great toe extends (due to CNS lesion)

66
Q

Shoulder abduction is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

C5

Axillary

67
Q

Elbow flexion is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

C5, C6

Musculocutaneous

68
Q

Elbow extension is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

C6, C7

Radial

69
Q

Wrist extension is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

C6, C7

Radial

70
Q

Wrist flexion is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

C7, C8

Median

71
Q

Finger abduction is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

C8, T1

Ulnar

72
Q

Thumb opposition is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

C8, T1

Median

73
Q

Hip flexion is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

L2, L3

Femoral

74
Q

Hip extension is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

L4,

L5 Gluteal

75
Q

Knee extension is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

L3,

L4 Femoral

76
Q

Knee flexion is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

L5,

S1 Sciatic

77
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

L4,

L5 Peroneal

78
Q

Ankle plantarflexion is associated w/ what nerve root & peripheral nerve

A

S1

Plantar

79
Q

What upper extremity movements are both associated w/ nerve root C6, C7 and peripheral nerve: radial

A

elbow extension and wrist extension

Physical Dx (14 decks)

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