general anesthetics Flashcards
which stages of anesthesia do you want to avoid
stage 2: delirium with increased BP, muscle tone and respiration
stage 3 plane 4: close to death
induction of general anesthesia
start of administration until desired stage is reached
maintenance of general anesthesia
process of staying in desired range
recovery stage of general anesthetics
reversal of induction
2 types of drugs
volatile inhalants for maintenance
IV for induction and short procedures
non-halogenated gas
NO
halogenated hydrocarbon
halothane
induction and recovery time depend on what
rate of change which depends on blood solubility
less soluble means it will be
fast induction/recovery
more soluble means it will be
slow induction/recovery
less soluble is what kind of blood:gas coefficient
low
more soluble is what kind of blood:gas coefficient
high
halothane has what type of solubility
high
NO has what type of solubility
low
measure of potency
minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration
(MAC)
what is the Oil:Gas partition coefficient
measure of lipid solubility
high lipid solubility means what for potency
more potent
NO time of onset and potency
rapid onset, low potency
halothane time of onset and potency
slow onset, high potency
unconsciousness is caused by action where
RAS, thalamocortical circuits
amnesia is caused by action where
the limbic system
analgesia is caused by action where
nociceptive pathways
group 1 anesthetics
etomidate
propofol
thiopental
group 2 anesthetics
ketamine
nitrous oxide
group 3 anesthetics
desflurane
isoflurane
sevoflurane
how do group 1 anesthetics work
hypnosis and amnesia via enhancing inhibitory NT
how do group 2 anesthetics work
analgesia by inhibiting excitatory NT
how do group 3 anesthetics work
hypnosis, amnesia, and immobility by enhancing inhibitory NT and inhibiting excitatory
NO issues
it diffuses into closed air spaces in the body - especially the bowel
NO is abused because
It reduces methionine
risks with halothane
malignant hyperthermia
hepatotoxicity
decreases cardiac output and blood pressure
treatment for malignant hyperthermia
dentrolene
neuroleptanalgesia/anesthesia
combination of fentanyl/droperidol
drowsiness but can respond to commands
