General Anatomy, Digestion, Absorption

Question 1

Principle parts of the digestive system? (6x)

Answer 1

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (Cecum/Colon), and Anus

Question 2

Def. Secrete digestive enzymes and bile into the intestinal tract which aid in digestion.
And the 4 organs?

Answer 2

Major accessory organs.
Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder (except horses), and pancreas

Question 3

Def. Breaking down of food into smaller particles to be processed by digestive system

Answer 3

Mechanical digestion (ex. mastication)

Question 4

What is the only form of mechanical digestion in avian species?

Answer 4

The gizzard

Question 5

Def. Breaking down of food particles through chemical reactions

Answer 5

Chemical digestion (ex. stomach acid)

Question 6

Def. A protein secreted by an organism that serves to break down a substrate into two smaller products. Secreted through the digestive tract, mostly comes from pancreas

Answer 6

Enzyme

Question 7

(T/F) Enzymes can work on any substrate or nutrient type

Answer 7

False, they are substate specific/only work on one type

Question 8

Enzyme that breaks down protein?
Enzyme that breaks down lipids?

Answer 8

Proteas.
Lipases.

Question 9

Def. The inside space of a tubular structure, contains digested food

Answer 9

Lumen

Question 10

Absorption of nutrients predominantly occurs from the _____ of the ____ ___________ through the layers of the digestive tract into general blood or lymphatic circulation.

Answer 10

Lumen of the small intestines

Question 11

Def. A double sheet of peritoneal membrane; stabilizes the position of organs and prevents intestines from becoming entangled during digestive movements.

Answer 11

Mesentery

Question 12

Def. (Keeps eveything in place) Connective tissue that protects the digestive tract from the body

Answer 12

Serosa

Question 13

Def. (Movement) Two layers of Smooth muscle responsible for motility

Answer 13

Muscularis Externa

Question 14

Def. A layer of dense connective tissue, here the nutrients enter the capillaric and lymphatic system where they are transported to peripheral tissues

Answer 14

Submucosa

Question 15

Def. Inner lining of the tract, direct contact with food, enterocytes, site of absorption

Answer 15

Mucosa

Question 16

Order of layers of small intestine? Outside to inside

Answer 16

Mesentery, Serosa, Muscularis, Submucosa, and Mucosa

Question 17

Most active layers of small intestine?

Answer 17

Mucosa and submucosa

Question 18

What system is responsible for the transportation of nutrients?

Answer 18

Blood/lymphatic system

Question 19

The mucosal layer is lined with _______ which provide access to the circulatory system.

Answer 19

Villi

Question 20

The primary absorptive CELL for all nutrients? And the only thing blocking nutrients from getting into the blood stream?

Answer 20

Enterocytes

Question 21

Microvilli + ______ = “brush border”

Answer 21

Glycocalyx

Question 22

Def. Glycoprotein appendage of the microvilli which houses enzymes

Answer 22

Glycocalyx

Question 23

Water soluble nutrients go through _______.
Fat-soluble nutrients go through ______.

Answer 23

Blood.
Lymph.

Question 24

1 Nutrient absorption technique, no transporter, moves with concentration gradient

Answer 24

Simple Diffusion

Question 25

2 Nutrient absorption technique, requires a transporter, moves with concentration gradient

Answer 25

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 26

3 Nutrient absorption technique, requires a transporter, moves against gradient, requires energy

Answer 26

Active Transport

Question 27

4 Nutrient absorption technique, requires a transporter, dependent on the co-transport of another chemical which requires energy

Answer 27

Secondary Active Transport(co-transporter comes with the one that is allowed in)