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Animal Nutrition > 1. Types of Digestive Systems and Organ Functions > Flashcards

1. Types of Digestive Systems and Organ Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Def. Digestive process carried out by enzymes that the animal secretes into the digestive tract

A

Auto-enzymatic

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2
Q

Def. Digestive processes are accomplished in large part by enzymes produced by microbes inhabiting the GIT, in addition to animal-derived secretions

A

Allo-enzymatic

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3
Q

Auto-enzymatic examples?
Allo-enzymatic examples?

A

Auto: Humans, dogs, pigs, cats, poultry

Allo: Sheep, goats, cattle, deer, horse

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4
Q

Def. Single compartment stomach, no modifications, inability to digest roughage efficiently

A

Monogastric

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5
Q

Enzymes in swine saliva?

A

Salivary amalyse (starch digestion) and lingual lipase (hydrolyzes fats, milkfat digestion)

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6
Q

Def. Muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach

A

Esophagus

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7
Q

Two functions of stomach?

A

Storage and processing

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8
Q

Four regions within the simple stomach?

A

Esophageal region: extension of esophagus
Cardiac region: mucus glands, protects stomach lining from being digested
Fundic region: major gastric secretions, chemical processing
Pyloric region: secretes the hormone gastrin which stimulates mucus and contractions

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9
Q

____ may develop from excessive acid production of bacteria

A

Ulcers

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10
Q

The Fundic region secretes _____

A

Hydrochloric acid from the parietal cells.
And Pepsinogen from the chief cells, which is later converted to pepsin when combined with HCl

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11
Q

Three sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum

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12
Q

Duodenum primary functions?

A

Recieve bile from the gall bladder, panreatic juices and enzymes, and secretes enzymes and enzyme activators

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13
Q

The most active site of nutrient DIGESTION?

A

Duodenum mucosal epithelial glands (secrete enzymes)

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14
Q

98% of bile is recycled back to the liver, synthesized by the liver, stored in the ____ ______.

A

Gall bladder

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15
Q

What is bile made of?

A

Pigments, bile salts, and cholesterol

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16
Q

The most active site of nutrient ABSORPTION?

A

Jejunum (ONLY SITE OF PROTEIN ABSORPTION)

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17
Q

Functions of the Ileum?

A

Reabsorb bile, absorb any escaping nutrients.
Less active than duodenum and jejunum

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18
Q

Three sections of the Large Intestine?

A

Cecum, colon, and Rectum

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19
Q

Def. Largest section of the Large Intestine?

A

Colon

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20
Q

Surface of colon doesn’t have villi but has cels called ___________ instead.

A

Colonocytes

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21
Q

Purpose of the colon?

A

Primarily water and vitamin absorption, bacteria fermentation, secretes mucus and HCO3

22
Q

Def. Serves as a barrier between a site of absorption and outside offenders. Last section senses the pressure of the solidified residue and the need for defecation.

A

Rectum

23
Q

Def. Out-pocket of the esophagus, provides storage for consumed food, moistens and softens food

A

Crop

24
Q

Def. Gastric stomach of poultry, ingesta passes through rapidly, proceeds to gizzard

A

Proventriculus

25
Q

Def. Thick muscular wall for mechanical particle size reduction, grinds, primary site of mechanical digestion

A

Gizzard

26
Q

Major site of nutrient digestion and absorption in auto-enzymatic avian digestors and ruminants?

A

Small intestine

27
Q

Def. 2 blind pouches that slow the rate of passage and house microbial ecosystems. Controls infections

A

Ceca

28
Q

Primary site of infection with coccidia?

A

Ceca

29
Q

Def. Located at the terminal end of the large intestine is a chamber into which urinary and genital canals open

A

Cloaca

30
Q

Microbial activity is pre-gastric in _______ and post-gastric in ________.

A

Ruminants
Horses and other non-ruminant herbivores

31
Q

Def. The process of regurgitation, re-mastication, re-salivation, and re-swallowing of food

A

Rumination

32
Q

Def. Mass of regurgitated ingesta; bolus

A

Cud

33
Q

Def. Enzymatic breakdown of nutrient substances by microorganisms

A

Fermentation

34
Q

Four components of a ruminant foregut?

A

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

35
Q

Def. Large hollow muscular compartment that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis

A

Rumen (AKA THE FERMENTATION TANK)

36
Q

Primary microbial consortium of the rumen consists of?

A

Bacteria: provides vitamins, proteins, and energy
Protozoa: degrade feed nutrients similar to bacteria
Fungi: breaks down fiber
Methanogens: reduce atmosphere and hydrogen sink

37
Q

Def. Primary energy source of the ruminant. This is their most important contribution to the ruminant

A

Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA)

38
Q

Def. The foremost region of the foregut; not completely separated from the rumen, near the esophageal opening

A

Reticulum

39
Q

Tissue of the reticulum is arranged like a _______

A

Honeycomb

40
Q

Def. Functions to channel milk directly to omasum and abomasum bypassing the underdeveloped rumen

A

Reticular groove

41
Q

Def. “butcher’s bible” spherical organ filled with folds and studded with papillae. Located on the right side of the animal

A

Omasum

42
Q

Def. “true gastric stomach” in ruminants. Secretes gastric juices and enzymes

A

Abomasum

43
Q

Three sites of energy absorption in ruminants?

A

Rumen, small intestine, large intestine

44
Q

Def. Monogastric herbivore

A

Hindgut fermenter

45
Q

Hindgut fermenter small intestine is ___ ft in length and holds about ____ gallons

A

70 ft; 12 gallons

46
Q

HIndgut fermenters have no ________ because they did not evolve to be meat eaters and storage of bile was not needed

A

Gall bladder

47
Q

Large intestine of hindgut fermenters is composed of _____, _____, _____, _______.

A

Cecum, colon, small colon, and rectum

48
Q

Def. Contains active microbial ecosystem resulting in fermentation. (Hindgut fermenter)

A

Cecum and large colon

49
Q

Def. Primary area of water resorption

A

Small colon

50
Q

Hingut fermenters may practice ______ in protein limiting situations.

A

Caprophagy (consume feces)

Animal Nutrition (5 decks)

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