GENERAL ANATOMY

Question 1

1. An example of a secondary cartilaginous joint is:
   (a) proximal tibial eqiphysis
   (b) costochondral joint
   (c) intervertebral disc
   (d) lamboid suture
   (e) temperomandibular joint

Answer 1

C

Question 2

1. The diameter of a motor nerve fibre is:
   (a) 1-2 microns
   (b) 3-5 microns
   (c) 5-12 microns
   (d) 12-20 microns
   (e) 20-50 microns

Answer 2

D

Question 3

1. With regard to dermatomal nerve supply:
   (a) C7 supplies the index finger
   (b) The anterior axial line of the upper limb runs between C6 & C7
   (c) T6 is at the level of the nipple
   (d) The umbilicus is supplied by either T12 or L1
   (e) The heel is supplied by S2

Answer 3

A

Question 4

1. With regard to myotomal nerve supply:
   (a) opponens pollicus is C8
   (b) shoulder abduction is C5, 6
   (c) ankle plantar flexion is L4,5
   (d) elbow extension is C7,8
   ankle eversion is L4

Answer 4

D

Question 5

1. Panniculus adiposis
   (a) not well developed in man
   (b) is a thin layer of muscle
   (c) is unlike fat
   (d) contains nerves, blood vessels and lymph
   (e) portal vessels run through it

Answer 5

D

Question 6

1. Regarding the deep fascia which is false
   (a) can provide attachment for muscle
   (b) attaches to the skin by thin fibrils
   (c) attaches to underlying bone
   (d) has no nerve supply
   is absent on the face

Answer 6

D

Question 7

1. An example of a synovial joint is
   (a) Sacro-iliac
   (b) Intervertebral joints
   (c) Sterno manubrial
   (d) Epiphyses
   (e) Costal cartilage

Answer 7

A

Question 8

1. An example of hyaline cartilage is
   (a) knee meniscus
   (b) epiglottis
   (c) epiphyseal growth plate
   (d) intervetebral disc
   (e) articular surface of the clavicle

Answer 8

C

Question 9

1. With regard to bone
   (a) nutrient a supplies cortical bone predominantly
   (b) smallest channels are Haversian canals
   (c) trabecular network in cancellous bone is capable of considerable rearrangement with regard to fibre orientation
   (d) periostium covers the articulating surface of bone
   (e) bone substance does not receive its nutrition from the periostium
   (f) periosteum is not sensitive

Answer 9

C

Question 10

1. regarding muscle
   (a) skeletal muscle is a mix of red and white muscle
   (b) individual fibres are surrounded by epimysium which is impermeable to fluid
   (c) a motor unit supplies red and white muscle fibres
   white fibres are slow twitch and aerobic

Answer 10

A

Question 11

1. Regarding dermatomes
   (a) They do not overlap in the chest
   (b) Is the area of skin and muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve
   (c) They so not overlap at axial lines
   (d) Are separated from a dermatome from a discontinuous segment of the spinal cord by an axial line

Answer 11

C

Question 12

1. regarding the newborn skull
   (a) it has similar vertical proportion to an adult skull
   (b) the bones of the vault ossify in membrane and the bones of the base in cartilage
   (c) anterior fontanelle borders: frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid
   (d) posterior fontanelle borders: occipital, parietal, temporal

Answer 12

B

Question 13

1. Hyaline cartilage
   (a) Unable to be deformed
   (b) Regrows in new cartilage
   (c) Forms epiphyseal growth plates

Answer 13

C

Question 14

1. Regarding parasympathetic nervous system
   (a) Supply all viscera
   (b) Have connector cells in brainstem and sacrum

Answer 14

B

Question 15

1. With regard to cartilage all are true except
   (a) Epiphyseal growth plates are made of hyaline cartilage
   (b) Intervertebral discs and menisci of the knee are fibrocartilage
   (c) The epiglottis is elastic cartilage
   (d) All types of cartilage are prone to calcification with age
   (e) Fibrocartilage has a blood supply

Answer 15

D

Question 16

1. With regards to muscle all are true except
   (a) The muscle cell and muscle fibre are the same thing
   (b) There are 2 different types of muscle, skeletal and smooth
   (c) Skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleated
   (d) Intrafusal muscle fibres are innervated by gamma motor neurons of the anterior horn
   (e) Muscle spindles are a sensory receptor

Answer 16

B

Question 17

1. all are true of bones except
   (a) Volkmann’s canals usually run at right angles to Haversian canals
   (b) Blood vessels run in the periosteum
   (c) Periosteum is osteogenic
   (d) Endosteum is osteogenic
   (e) The nutrient artery of the shaft is the main source of blood supply to the bone

Answer 17

E

Question 18

1. In terms of joints all are true except
   (a) Epiphyses are cartilaginous joints
   (b) The pubic symphysis is a 2ndary cartilaginous joint
   (c) The synovial membrane of synovial joint lines the capsule, non-articulating surfaces and hyaline cartilage
   (d) The knee joint contains about 0.5mL of synovial fluid
   (e) Hiltons law describes the nerve supply to joints and overlying skin

Answer 18

C

Question 19

1. With regards to bone, all are true except
   (a) The end of the shaft in contact with the epiphyseal plate is the metaphysis
   (b) The metaphysis is supplied by capillary loops from the nutrient artery
   (c) The epiphysis has no blood supply
   (d) The epiphysis eventually ossify
   (e) Once the epiphysis ossify it establishes a blood supply with the metaphysis

Answer 19

B

Question 20

1. All are true about the nerve supply to the body wall except
   (a) Posterior rami of spinal nn supply the extensor mm of the vertebral column
   (b) Anterior rami supply all other muscles of the trunk
   (c) Each posterior rami divides into an anterior and posterior branch
   (d) The posterior ramus of C1 has no cutaneous branch
   (e) No posterior ramus ever supplies skin or muscle of a limb

Answer 20

C

Question 21

1. all are true about anterior rami except
   (a) the anterior ramus runs with the segmental artery between transversus abdominus and internal oblique
   (b) where the spinal nerve and artery cross, the artery lies nearer the skin
   (c) the segmental nerve enters the abdominus and passes to the overlying skin while the segmental artery ends in the flank muscles
   (d) the intercostal nerve has a lateral and anterior branch
   (e) anterior rami of the lower 6 thoracic nerves supply the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 21

B

Question 22

1. All are true about dermatomes except
   (a) The sympathetic grey ramus that accompanies each spinal nerve does not continue to the skin
   (b) The axial line is the line of junction of 2 dermatomes supplied from discontinuous spinal levels
   (c) There is no overlap of dermatomes over axial lines
   (d) The skin of the middle finger is C7
   (e) The skin of the umbilicus is T10

Answer 22

A

Question 23

1. All are true of myotomes except
   (a) Hip flexion L2,3
   (b) Knee extension L4,5
   (c) Elbow flexion C5,6
   (d) Wrist flexion and extension both C6,7
   (e) Intrinsics of hand T1

Answer 23

B

Question 24

1. The approximate vertebral levels of
   (a) Transpyloric plane = L2
   (b) Cricoid cartilage = C3
   (c) Oesophageal opening in the diaphragm = T8
   (d) Division of common carotids = C5
   (e) Aortic bifurcation = L4

Answer 24

E

Question 25

1. All of the following muscles have 2 different nerve supplies except
   (a) FDP
   (b) Adductor magnus
   (c) Tibialis anterior
   (d) Dorsal palmar interossei
   (e) Digastric

Answer 25

D

Question 26

1. All of the following nerves pass between the 2 heads of a muscle except
   (a) Tibial
   (b) Deep peroneal
   (c) Median
   (d) Ulnar
   (e) Posterior IO

Answer 26

B