Anatomy: pectoral girlde, shoulder, arm

Question 1

1. The stability of the shoulder joint
   a. Is primarily due to the strong capsule b. Is assisted by the rotator cuff muscles c. Is aided by the splinting effect of short head of biceps d. Is weakest posteriorly e. Is reliant on the deep glenoid cavity

Answer 1

1. The stability of the shoulder joint
   a. Is primarily due to the strong capsule – musculotendinous rotator cuff
   b. Is assisted by the rotator cuff muscles <= correct, SSIT: sub, supra, infra, tminor
   c. Is aided by the splinting effect of short head of biceps – shunt (not splint) muscles: deltoid, long head triceps, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps
   d. Is weakest posteriorly - inferiorly
   e. Is reliant on the deep glenoid cavity - shallow

Question 2

2. In the upper arm
   a. The musculocutaneous nerve pierces and supplies the triceps muscle b. The axillary nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus c. The median nerve crosses in front of the brachial artery d. The ulnar nerve passes between the 2 heads of pronator teres e. The radial nerve spirals around the front of the humerus

Answer 2

. In the upper arm

a. The musculocutaneous nerve pierces and supplies the triceps muscle – radial passes between lat and med heads and pierces lateral intermuscular septum, musculocutaneous pierces coracobrachialis
b. The axillary nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus – post
c. The median nerve crosses in front of the brachial artery <= starts lat, crosses ant, ends med
d. The ulnar nerve passes between the 2 heads of pronator teres – median, ulnar between FCU, radial between supinator
e. The radial nerve spirals around the front of the humerus - back

Question 3

3. The axillary artery
   a. Becomes the brachial artery at the lower border of teres minor b. Is anteromedial to the axillary vein c. Runs with branches of the brachial plexus in the 2nd part d. Gives off the subscapular artery from the third part e. Commences at the medial border of the clavicle

Answer 3

3. The axillary artery
   a. Becomes the brachial artery at the lower border of teres minor – teres major
   b. Is anteromedial to the axillary vein – the vein is anteromedial to the artery
   c. Runs with branches of the brachial plexus in the 2nd part - cords
   d. Gives off the subscapular artery from the third part <= 1st: superior thoracic, 2nd: thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic, 3rd: subscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral (S,TL,SAP)
   e. Commences at the medial border of the clavicle – the medial border 1st rib

Question 4

4. The trunks of the brachial plexus are found
   a. Between the scalene muscles b. In the posterior triangle c. Around the second part of the axillary artery d. Behind the clavicle e. Immediately after the intervertebral foramina

Answer 4

4. The trunks of the brachial plexus are found
   a. Between the scalene muscles – the roots
   b. In the posterior triangle<===
   c. Around the second part of the axillary artery – the cords
   d. Behind the clavicle – the divisions
   e. Immediately after the intervertebral foramina -?roots

Question 5

5. The brachial plexus
   a. Is formed from fibres from C4 to T1 b. Gives off 2 branches from the trunks c. Gives off the radial nerve from the lateral cord d. Has the ulnar nerve as the largest branch of the medial cord e. Gives off the suprascapular nerve from the lateral cord

Answer 5

5. The brachial plexus
   a. Is formed from fibres from C4 to T1
   b. Gives off 2 branches from the trunks: suprascapular only in Last’s anatomy, although N to Subclavius technically comes off as roots from C5 and 6 join
   c. Gives off the radial nerve from the lateral cord - post
   d. Has the ulnar nerve as the largest branch of the medial cord <= it is
   e. Gives off the suprascapular nerve from the lateral cord – superior trunk

Question 6

6. Biceps brachii
   a. Is supplied by the axillary nerve b. Has no action on the shoulder joint c. Arises from the infraglenoid tubercle d. Has a short head attached in common with brachialis e. Inserts into both radius and ulna

Answer 6

6. Biceps brachii
   a. Is supplied by the axillary nerve
   b. Has no action on the shoulder joint
   c. Arises from the infraglenoid tubercle
   d. Has a short head attached in common with brachialis - coracobrachialis
   e. Inserts into both radius and ulna <= debatable in Moore’s

Question 7

7. Triceps
   a. Is supplied by three branches of the radial nerve b. Arises via its medial head from the lateral side of the radial groove c. May be weakened by mid humeral fractures d. Arises via the long head from the infraglenoid tubercle e. Assists in supination of the forearm

Answer 7

7. Triceps
   a. Is supplied by three branches of the radial nerve – In Moore’s it is, by a study in 2004 showed long head is really spplied by axillary
   b. Arises via its medial head from the lateral side of the radial groove – superior to radial groove
   c. May be weakened by mid humeral fractures – radial supply comes off proximally
   d. Arises via the long head from the infraglenoid tubercle <= true
   e. Assists in supination of the forearm – only extension (+ long head as shunt)

Question 8

8. Regarding the brachial plexus, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
   a. The roots forming the plexus originate from the anterior rami of C5, 6, 7, 8 and T1 b. The roots lie between the scalenus medius and scalenus posterior muscles c. The trunks lie in the lower part of the posterior triangle d. The divisions are formed behind the clavicle e. The cords are formed at the outer border of the 1st rib

Answer 8

8. Regarding the brachial plexus, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
   a. The roots forming the plexus originate from the anterior rami of C5, 6, 7, 8 and T1
   b. The roots lie between the scalenus medius and scalenus posterior muscles <= anterior/medius
   c. The trunks lie in the lower part of the posterior triangle
   d. The divisions are formed behind the clavicle
   e. The cords are formed at the outer border of the 1st rib

Question 9

9. The axillary artery
   a. Becomes the brachial artery at the upper border of teres major b. Gives rise to the thoracoacromial artery as its largest branch c. Lies medial to the axillary vein d. Gives rise to the superior thoracic artery which supplies latissimus dorsi e. Is the continuation of the third part of the subclavian artery

Answer 9

9. The axillary artery
   a. Becomes the brachial artery at the upper border of teres major - lower
   b. Gives rise to the thoracoacromial artery as its largest branch -
   c. Lies medial to the axillary vein – the vein is antero medial to the artery
   d. Gives rise to the superior thoracic artery which supplies latissimus dorsi – superior thoracic supplies 1st/snd intercostal spaces and upper slips serratus anterior. thoracodorsal a. -> lat. dorsi
   e. Is the continuation of the third part of the subclavian artery <= true

Question 10

10. The brachialis muscle:
    a. Arises from the upper third of the humerus b. Inserts into the coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna c. Is suppled exclusively by the medial nerve d. Is a powerful supinator of the forearm e. Adducts the arm

Answer 10

10. The brachialis muscle:
    a. Arises from the upper third of the humerus – distal half
    b. Inserts into the coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna <= true
    c. Is suppled exclusively by the medial nerve - musculocutaneous
    d. Is a powerful supinator of the forearm – chief flexor
    e. Adducts the arm – doesn’t cross the GHJ

Question 11

11. Paralysis of which nerve results in inability to initiate abduction of the arm
    a. Axillary nerve b. Suprascapulat nerve c. Subscapular nerve d. Dorsal scapular nerve e. Thoracodorsal nerve

Answer 11

11. Paralysis of which nerve results in inability to initiate abduction of the arm
    a. Axillary nerve – continue abduction via deltoid
    b. Suprascapular nerve <= to supraspinatous thus true
    c. Subscapular nerve – upper and lower to subscap, lower to teres major
    d. Dorsal scapular nerve – to rhomboids and lev scap
    e. Thoracodorsal nerve – to lat dorsi

Question 12

12. The axilla
    a. Communicates with the anterior triangle of the neck b. Contains lymph nodes draining the upperlimb and lateral chest wall c. Has an anterior wall made up by the serratus anterior muscle d. Has an apex bounded by the humerus, clavical and scapula e. Has no medial wall

Answer 12

12. The axilla
    a. Communicates with the anterior triangle of the neck – no posterior via cervicoaxillary canal
    b. Contains lymph nodes draining the upperlimb and lateral chest wall <= true
    c. Has an anterior wall made up by the serratus anterior muscle – medial, anterior is pec muscles and clavipectoral fascia
    d. Has an apex bounded by the humerus, clavical and scapula – apex is outer 1st rib, clavical and scapular, humerus w/ intertubercular groove is the medial wall
    e. Has no medial wall – as above it does

Question 13

13. The brachial artery:
    a. Crosses anterior to the median nerve in the arm b. Gives off the nutrient artery to the humerus c. Lies deep to biceps d. Has the ulnar nerve on its medial side e. Gives muscular branches to triceps

Answer 13

13. The brachial artery:
    a. Crosses anterior to the median nerve in the arm – is crossed anteriorly by the median nerve
    b. Gives off the nutrient artery to the humerus <= true
    c. Lies deep to biceps
    d. Has the ulnar nerve on its medial side – posteriomedial?
    e. Gives muscular branches to triceps

Question 14

14. The major stabilising factor of the sternoclavivular joint it
    a. The acromioclavicular ligament b. The costoclavicular ligament c. The interclavicular ligament d. The sternoclavicular ligament e. The coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 14

14. The major stabilising factor of the sternoclavivular joint it
    a. The acromioclavicular ligament
    b. The costoclavicular ligament <= not detailed in Moore’s
    c. The interclavicular ligament
    d. The sternoclavicular ligament
    e. The coracoclavicular ligament

Question 15

15. The Musculocutaneous nerve:
    a. Supplies brachioradialis b. Terminates as the posterior interosseous nerve c. Supplies all of the brachialis muscle d. Contains fibres from C5, C6, C7 and C8 e. Arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 15

15. The Musculocutaneous nerve:
    a. Supplies brachioradialis – by radius
    b. Terminates as the posterior interosseous nerve – there is no posterior interosseus
    c. Supplies all of the brachialis muscle – no, the radial does also…
    d. Contains fibres from C5, C6, C7 and C8 – C5,6
    e. Arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus <= true

Question 16

16. An injury to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus will result in which of the following?
    a. Winging of the scapula b. Paralysis of supraspinatus and infraspinatus c. Paralysis of the clavicular part of pectoralis major d. Numbness along the posterior part of the upper arm e. Numbness along the medial part of the upper arm

Answer 16

16. An injury to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus will result in which of the following?
    a. Winging of the scapula – roots 5,6,7 -> long thoracic
    b. Paralysis of supraspinatus and infraspinatus – superior trunk -> suprascapular
    c. Paralysis of the clavicular part of pectoralis major – lat cord -> lateral pectoral
    d. Numbness along the posterior part of the upper arm – SsTAR: upper posterolat via axiallary -> superior lateral cutaneous nerve, and radial to inferior lateral cutaneous nerve
    of arme. Numbness along the medial part of the upper arm – medial

Question 17

17. Which statement regarding the brachial plexus is true?
    a. It is formed by the posterior rami of C5, 6, 7, 8, T1 b. The roots unite to form the trunks behind the clavicle c. The only branch from the trunks is thoracodorsal nerve to supra and infraspinatus d. The cords are formed at the outer border of the first rib e. The ulnar nerve receives a branch from the lateral cord which carries fibres to flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 17

17. Which statement regarding the brachial plexus is true?
    a. It is formed by the posterior rami of C5, 6, 7, 8, T1 - anterior
    b. The roots unite to form the trunks behind the clavicle – the trunks are in the (post) triangle, divisions behind the clavicle
    c. The only branch from the trunks is thoracodorsal nerve to supra and infraspinatus – the suprascapluar nerve (and possibly the nerve to subclavius), the dorsal scapular spplies rhomboids and levator scapulae
    d. The cords are formed at the outer border of the first rib <=
    e. The ulnar nerve receives a branch from the lateral cord which carries fibres to flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 18

18. Fracture of the humerus can commonly result in which of the following lesions?
    a. Paralysis of triceps b. Numbness over posterior part of upper arm c. Numbness over 1st dorsal interosseous d. Numbness over posterior forearm and lateral upper arm e. Paralysis of long flexors of fingers

Answer 18

18. Fracture of the humerus can commonly result in which of the following lesions?
    a. Paralysis of triceps
    b. Numbness over posterior part of upper arm
    c. Numbness over 1st dorsal interosseous <=
    d. Numbness over posterior forearm and lateral upper arm
    e. Paralysis of long flexors of fingers

Question 19

20. The actions of deltoid include:
    a. Abduction of the arm with supraspinatus b. Extension of the arm with latissimus dorsi c. Flexion and medial rotation of the arm with pectoralis major d. Steadying the arm in abduction (anterior and posterior fibres) e. All of the above

Answer 19

20. The actions of deltoid include:
    a. Abduction of the arm with supraspinatus
    b. Extension of the arm with latissimus dorsi
    c. Flexion and medial rotation of the arm with pectoralis major
    d. Steadying the arm in abduction (anterior and posterior fibres)
    e. All of the above <=

Question 20

21. The triangular space below teres major in the axilla transmits the profunda brachii vessels and
    a. Musculocutaneous nerve b. Ulnar nerve c. Median nerve d. Radial nerve e. Axillary nerve

Answer 20

21. The triangular space below teres major in the axilla transmits the profunda brachii vessels and
    a. Musculocutaneous nerve
    b. Ulnar nerve
    c. Median nerve
    d. Radial nerve <=
    e. Axillary nerve – via quad w/ posterior circumflex humeral

Question 21

22. The nerve supply of teres major is

a. Thoracodorsal nerve b. Dorsal scapular nerve c. Axillary nerve d. Lower subscapular nerve e. Suprascapular nerve

Answer 21

22. The nerve supply of teres major is
    a. Thoracodorsal nerve
    b. Dorsal scapular nerve
    c. Axillary nerve
    d. Lower subscapular nerve <=
    e. Suprascapular nerve

Question 22

23. The second part of the axillary artery gives rise to the
    a. Superior thoracic artery b. Subscapular artery c. Suprascapular artery d. Circumflex humeral arteries e. Thoracoacromial artery

Answer 22

23. The second part of the axillary artery gives rise to the
    a. Superior thoracic artery – 1st
    b. Subscapular artery – 3rd
    c. Suprascapular artery – from subclavian (via thyrocervical trunk usually, tITS)
    d. Circumflex humeral arteries – 3rd
    e. Thoracoacromial artery <= S,TL,SAP, 2nd: thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic

Question 23

24. The axillary nerve contains fibres from

a. C5, 6 b. C5, 6, 7 c. C6, 7 d. C7 e. C8, T1

Answer 23

24. The axillary nerve contains fibres from
    a. C5, 6 <=
    b. C5, 6, 7
    c. C6, 7
    d. C7
    e. C8, T1

Question 24

25. The radial nerve
    a. Passes out of the axilla below the lower edge of teres major b. Supplies the shoulder joint c. Supplies a small patch of skin on lateral surface of arm d. Is motor to flexor muscles of forearm e. Is cutaneous to dorsal surface of tips of index and middle fingers

Answer 24

25. The radial nerve
    a. Passes out of the axilla below the lower edge of teres major <= the triangular space is lower border teres major, humerus and long head of triceps, so correct
    b. Supplies the shoulder joint – suprascapluar, axillary and lateral pectoral nerves
    c. Supplies a small patch of skin on lateral surface of arm – a large strip posterolaterally and supplies skin on dorsum of hand
    d. Is motor to flexor muscles of forearm - median
    e. Is cutaneous to dorsal surface of tips of index and middle fingers - median

Question 25

26. Infraspinatus
    a. Medially rotates the shoulder joint b. Laterally rotates the shoulder joint c. Inserts into the lower facet on greater tuberosity of humerus d. Is supplied by the lower subscapular nerve e. Extends the shoulder joint

Answer 25

26. Infraspinatus
    a. Medially rotates the shoulder joint – subscap pect major
    b. Laterally rotates the shoulder joint – correct, main action
    c. Inserts into the lower facet on greater tuberosity of humerus – middle, S#SIT
    d. Is supplied by the lower subscapular nerve - suprascapular
    e. Extends the shoulder joint – deltoid, teres major, lat dorsi, long head triceps

Question 26

27. Regarding triceps
    a. The long head lies lateral to the medial head b. The lateal head arises from the lateral intermuscular septum c. The medial head receives 3 branches of the radial nerve d. Damage to th radial nerve at the midshaft of the humerus will interrupt supply to triceps e. The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Answer 26

27. Regarding triceps
    a. The long head lies lateral to the medial head - medial
    b. The lateral head arises from the lateral intermuscular septum – lateral head in proximal to the radial groove
    c. The medial head receives 3 branches of the radial nerve
    d. Damage to the radial nerve at the midshaft of the humerus will interrupt supply to triceps – no branches arise high (in axilla)
    e. The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula <= true

Question 27

28. Pectoralis minor inserts into
    a. Coracoid process b. Medial lip of intertubercular groove c. Lateral lip of intertubercular groove d. Anterior lip of deltoid tuberosity e. Infraglenoid tubercle

Answer 27

28. Pectoralis minor inserts into
    a. Coracoid process <= superior and medial ascpect
    b. Medial lip of intertubercular groove
    c. Lateral lip of intertubercular groove
    d. Anterior lip of deltoid tuberosity
    e. Infraglenoid tubercle

Question 28

29. Regarding subclavius
    a. Its nerve supply is from the medial trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, 6) b. It lies on top of the clavipectoral fascia c. It arises from the angle of the first rib d. It inserts into the subclavian groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle e. It can prevent damage to the subclavian artery from a fractured clavicle

Answer 28

29. Regarding subclavius
    a. Its nerve supply is from the medial trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, 6) – superior trunk
    b. It lies on top of the clavipectoral fascia - within
    c. It arises from the angle of the first rib – the costochondral margin
    d. It inserts into the subclavian groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle – insert into middle third
    e. It can prevent damage to the subclavian artery from a fractured clavicle <=

Question 29

30. Regarding pectoralis major
    a. It provides direct attachment of pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton b. It forms part of the posterior wall of the axilla c. Its insertion into the scapula is to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove d. The humeral insertion extends distally to deep fascia of arm e. Its sternocostal head arises from manubrium, sternum, external oblique and upper 6 costal cartilages

Answer 29

30. Regarding pectoralis major
    a. It provides direct attachment of pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton
    b. It forms part of the posterior wall of the axilla - anterior
    c. Its insertion into the scapula is to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove - humerus
    d. The humeral insertion extends distally to deep fascia of arm - ?
    e. Its sternocostal head arises from manubrium, sternum, external oblique and upper 6 costal cartilages <= true

Question 30

31. Regarding pectoralis major, all are true EXCEPT:
    a. It may have rectus sternalis accompanying it b. The medial pectoral nerve pierces pectoralis minor to reach pectoralis major c. The laterl pectoral nerve pierces the clavipectoral fascia to reach pectoralis major d. Its actionis medial rotation and abduction e. Fibres from the posterior leaf of the trilaminar tendon insert into the shoulder joint capsule

Answer 30

31. Regarding pectoralis major, all are true EXCEPT:
    a. It may have rectus sternalis accompanying it
    b. The medial pectoral nerve pierces pectoralis minor to reach pectoralis major
    c. The lateral pectoral nerve pierces the clavipectoral fascia to reach pectoralis major
    d. Its actionis medial rotation and abduction <= medial rotation and aDduction
    e. Fibres from the posterior leaf of the trilaminar tendon insert into the shoulder joint capsule

Question 31

32. The clavipectoral fascia has all but one of the following features
    a. Encloses pectoralis minor and subclavius b. Forms the costocoracoid ligament at the lower border of pectoralis minor c. Forms the suspensory ligament of the axilla d. Is pierced by lymphatics and the cephalic vein e. Is pierced by thoracoacromial vessels and the lateral pectoral nerve

Answer 31

32. The clavipectoral fascia has all but one of the following features
    a. Encloses pectoralis minor and subclavius - true
    b. Forms the costocoracoid ligament at the lower border of pectoralis minor <= upper
    c. Forms the suspensory ligament of the axilla - true
    d. Is pierced by lymphatics and the cephalic vein - true
    e. Is pierced by thoracoacromial vessels and the lateral pectoral nerve - true

Question 32

33. Regarding pectoralis minor, all are true except
    a. It arises from ribs 3, 4, 5 deep to pectoralis major b. It is supplied by both medial and lateral pectoral nerves c. It acts to protract the scapula d. It is used as a landmark to divide the axillary artery into 3 parts e. It inserts into medial and lower border of the coracoid process

Answer 32

33. Regarding pectoralis minor, all are true except
    a. It arises from ribs 3, 4, 5 deep to pectoralis major - true
    b. It is supplied by both medial and lateral pectoral nerves – mostly the medial, but some lateral pectoral nerve fibers pass to it via the medial pectoral nerve
    c. It acts to protract the scapula – it does
    d. It is used as a landmark to divide the axillary artery into 3 parts- true
    e. It inserts into medial and lower border of the coracoid process <= medial and superior surface

Question 33

34. Trapezius - which is false
    a. Has an extensive midline origin from superior nuchal line to spinous process of T12 b. Inserts into laterl 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and all of the spine of the scpula c. Supplied by the spinal part of the accessory nerve d. Acts to rotate the scapula e. Is antagonised by the rhomboids and levator scapulae

Answer 33

34. Trapezius
    a. Has an extensive midline origin from superior nuchal line to spinous process of T12 - true
    b. Inserts into lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and all of the spine of the scpula - true
    c. Supplied by the spinal part of the accessory nerve - true
    d. Acts to rotate the scapula – upward rotation
    e. Is antagonised by the rhomboids and levator scapulae <= not always

Question 34

37. Regarding the brachial plexus
    a. Serratus anterior is supplied by C6, 7, 8 b. All branches originate from roots, divisions or cords c. Suprascapular nerve comes off the posterior cord d. Dorsal scapular nerve comes off C5 e. ?

Answer 34

37. Regarding the brachial plexus
    a. Serratus anterior is supplied by C6, 7, 8
    b. All branches originate from roots, divisions or cords – none from divisions, 2 from trunks, 2 from roots
    c. Suprascapular nerve comes off the posterior cord – superior trunk
    d. Dorsal scapular nerve comes off C5 <=
    e. ?

Question 35

38. Which does not pass through the clavipectoral fascia

a. Lymph vessels b. Cephalic vein c. Medial pectoral nerve d. Thoracoacromial artery e. Lateral pectoral nerve

Answer 35

38. Which does not pass through the clavipectoral fascia
    a. Lymph vessels
    b. Cephalic vein
    c. Medial pectoral nerve <=
    d. Thoracoacromial artery
    e. Lateral pectoral nerve

Question 36

39. Which is incorrect regarding the lateral intermuscular septum
    a. Medial head of triceps arises from it b. It has brachioradialis as an anterior relation c. It is pierced by the radial nerve d. It extends along the lateral supracondylar line e. ?

Answer 36

39. Which is incorrect regarding the lateral intermuscular septum
    a. Medial head of triceps arises from it <=
    b. It has brachioradialis as an anterior relation
    c. It is pierced by the radial nerve - true
    d. It extends along the lateral supracondylar line
    e. ?

Question 37

40. Regarding the shoulder joint
    a. The humeral head is twice the area of the glenoid cavity b. The short head of biceps is intracapsular c. It often communicates anteriorly with subscapularis bursa d. It is reinforced by important glenohumeral ligaments e. It is only supplied by the axillary nerve

Answer 37

40. Regarding the shoulder joint
    a. The humeral head is twice the area of the glenoid cavity – 3x
    b. The short head of biceps is intracapsular – long head
    c. It often communicates anteriorly with subscapularis bursa <= true
    d. It is reinforced by important glenohumeral ligaments -?
    e. It is only supplied by the axillary nerve – suprascapular and lateral pectoral

Question 38

41. The upper brachial plexus supplies
    a. The medial rotators of the shoulder b. The adductors of the shoulder c. The extensors of the elbow d. Small muscles of the hand e. Sensation of the lateral side of arm and forearm

Answer 38

41. The upper brachial plexus supplies
    a. The medial rotators of the shoulder – C 6,7,8
    b. The adductors of the shoulder – C6,7,8
    c. The extensors of the elbow – C7,8
    d. Small muscles of the hand – T1
    e. Sensation of the lateral side of arm and forearm <=

Question 39

42. Regarding subclavius
    a. Its nerve supply is from the medial trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, 6) b. It lies on top of the clavipectoral fascia c. It arises from the angle of the first rib d. It inserts into the subclavian groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle e. It can prevent damage to the subclavian artery from a fractured clavicle

Answer 39

42. Regarding subclavius
    a. Its nerve supply is from the medial trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, 6)
    b. It lies on top of the clavipectoral fascia - within
    c. It arises from the angle of the first rib – 1st costochondral cart -> inferior mid 1/3 clavicle
    d. It inserts into the subclavian groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle <= also true
    e. It can prevent damage to the subclavian artery from a fractured clavicle - damage to vein

Question 40

43. Pectoralis major
    a. Is quadrilateral in shape b. Has a head that arises from the posterior surface of the clavicle c. Inserts into the medial lip of the bicipital groove d. Lies between biceps and the humeral shaft e. Is supplied by all five segments of the brachial plexus

Answer 40

43. Pectoralis major
    a. Is quadrilateral in shape – fan shaped
    b. Has a head that arises from the posterior surface of the clavicle
    c. Inserts into the medial lip of the bicipital groove
    d. Lies between biceps and the humeral shaft
    e. Is supplied by all five segments of the brachial plexus <= true, by lateral pectoral (C5,6,7) and medial pectoral (C8, T1) nn.

Question 41

44. Latissimus dorsi
    a. Arises from the spinous processes of T2 to L5 b. Spirals around the upper border of teres major c. Arises from the iliac crest d. Inserts in the lesser tuberosity of the humerus e. Externally rotates the humerus

Answer 41

44. Latissimus dorsi
    a. Arises from the spinous processes of T2 to L5 –inferior 6 thoracic, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and lower 3-4 ribs
    b. Spirals around the upper border of teres major – lower border
    c. Arises from the iliac crest <= true
    d. Inserts in the lesser tuberosity of the humerus – inserts into base of intertubercular groove
    e. Externally rotates the humerus - internally

Question 42

45. The sternoclavicular joint
    a. Communicates with the manubriosternal joint b. Is mostly stabilised by the costoclavicular ligament c. Is the fulcrum of movements at the sternoclavicular joint d. Contains two fibrocartilaginous discs e. Is supplied by nerve branches from C8 and T1

Answer 42

45. The sternoclavicular joint
    a. Communicates with the manubriosternal joint
    b. Is mostly stabilised by the costoclavicular ligament <=
    c. Is the fulcrum of movements at the sternoclavicular joint
    d. Contains two fibrocartilaginous discs
    e. Is supplied by nerve branches from C8 and T1

Question 43

46. teres major
    a. arises from the medial border of the scapula b. forms the lower border of the quadrandular space c. forms the lateral border of the triangular space d. is supplied by the axillary nerve e. largely acts to extend the arm

Answer 43

46. teres major
    a. arises from the medial border of the scapula – mid lateral
    b. forms the lower border of the quadrandular space <=
    c. forms the lateral border of the triangular space - humerus
    d. is supplied by the axillary nerve
    e. largely acts to extend the arm – adduct and medially rotate

Question 44

47. the axillary artery
    a. arises from the vertebral artery b. is divided into 3 parts by teres major c. is clasped in its parts by the cords of the brachial plexus d. has no branches in its 3rd part e. supplies the pectoral muscles via the superior thoracic artery

Answer 44

47. the axillary artery
    a. arises from the vertebral artery
    b. is divided into 3 parts by teres major – pect minor
    c. is clasped in its parts by the cords of the brachial plexus <=
    d. has no branches in its 3rd part
    e. supplies the pectoral muscles via the superior thoracic artery – superior thoracic doesn’t supply much (subclav, upper slips of serratus ant and 1st and 2nd intercostals), the pectoral mm. are supplied by the lateral thoracic a.

Question 45

48. with regard to the brachial plexus
    a. the axillary nerve is derived from the lateral cord b. the radial nerve is derived from C7, C8, T1 c. the nerve to subclavius is the only branch from the trunks d. there are seven divisions of the trunks e. the roots lie between the scalene muscles

Answer 45

48. with regard to the brachial plexus
    a. the axillary nerve is derived from the lateral cord - post
    b. the radial nerve is derived from C7, C8, T1 – C5-T1
    c. the nerve to subclavius is the only branch from the trunks – suprascapular n
    d. there are seven divisions of the trunks
    e. the roots lie between the scalene muscles <=

Question 46

49. an injury to the middle trunk of the brachial plexus
    a. would mean that C8 sensation is altered b. willmanifest in the medial cord c. will affect the median nerve d. will affect the long thoracic nerve e. all of the above

Answer 46

49. an injury to the middle trunk of the brachial plexus
    a. would mean that C8 sensation is altered
    b. will manifest in the medial cord
    c. will affect the median nerve <=
    d. will affect the long thoracic nerve
    e. all of the above

Question 47

50. the rotator cuff is formed from all of the following EXCEPT:
    a. subscapularis b. supraspinatus c. infraspinatus d. teres minor e. teres major

Answer 47

50. the rotator cuff is formed from all of the following EXCEPT:
    a. subscapularis
    b. supraspinatus
    c. infraspinatus
    d. teres minor
    e. teres major <=

Question 48

51. the subacromial bursa
    a. is strengthened anteriorly by the glenohumeral ligaments b. lies under the coracoacromial ligament c. envelopes the distal end of the coracoid process d. if inflamed will be more tender when abducted e. all of the above

Answer 48

51. the subacromial bursa
    a. is strengthened anteriorly by the glenohumeral ligaments
    b. lies under the coracoacromial ligament <= true, between the supraspinatus and the ligament
    c. envelopes the distal end of the coracoid process
    d. if inflamed will be more tender when abducted – there will be a painful arc 60-90deg, then relief
    e. all of the above

Question 49

52. with regard to the biceps brachii muscle
    a. the long head arises from the greater tuberosity of the humerus b. the short head arises from the acromion c. it is a supinator of the forearm d. it is supplied by branches of themedian nerve e. the two heads merge in the upper arm

Answer 49

52. with regard to the biceps brachii muscle
    a. the long head arises from the greater tuberosity of the humerus
    b. the short head arises from the acromion
    c. it is a supinator of the forearm <=
    d. it is supplied by branches of the median nerve
    e. the two heads merge in the upper arm

Question 50

53. the brachial artery
    a. lies lateral to the basilic vein b. lies anterior to the cephalic vein c. is crossed posteriorly by the median nerve d. runs parallel but deep to the profunda brachii artery e. is the continuation of the subclavian artery

Answer 50

53. the brachial artery
    a. lies lateral to the basilic vein <=
    b. lies anterior to the cephalic vein
    c. is crossed posteriorly by the median nerve
    d. runs parallel but deep to the profunda brachii artery
    e. is the continuation of the subclavian artery

Question 51

54. the triceps muscle
    a. is a misnomer because it only has two heads b. is supplied by the radial nerve c. stabilises the shoulder inadduction d. will often have its nerve supply compromised by humeral shaft fractures e. derives its blood supply from the posterior interosseous artery

Answer 51

54. the triceps muscle
    a. is a misnomer because it only has two heads
    b. is supplied by the radial nerve <=
    c. stabilises the shoulder in adduction - in abduction
    d. will often have its nerve supply compromised by humeral shaft fractures
    e. derives its blood supply from the posterior interosseous artery