Anatomy: tissue/skin Flashcards
1) Which is true?
a) epidermis is derived from mesoderm
b) the sweat glands, sebaceous glands are mesodermal in origin
c) the epidermis contains fibrous tissue and blood vessels
d) the colour of the skin is determined by the number of melanocytes
e) the dermis has a mesodermal origin
e
2) Regarding sweat glands, which is true?
a) the main nerve supply is via cholinergic sympathetic fibres
b) the main nerve supply is via adrenergic sympathetic nerves
c) the sweat glands derive from the mesoderm
d) the normal tubular sweat glands undergo cyclical changes with the menstrual cycle
e) the highest number of sweat glands are found on the soles and palms
a
3) Regarding cartilage, which is true?
a) they have a rich blood supply
b) the intervertebral discs are hyaline cartilages
c) the hyaline and fibrocartilages never calcify
d) the elastic cartilage never calcifies
e) the commonest cartilage type is elastic cartilage
d
4) Regarding muscles, which is true?
a) the cardiac muscle is more powerful than the other two muscle types
b) the skeletal muscle fibre is spindle shaped
c) the smooth muscles do not have actin and myosin
d) the skeletal muscle contraction causes peristalsis in the GI tract and ureter
e) the cardiac muscle is short, branched, mononuclear and a striated muscle
e
5) Regarding periosteum, which is TRUE?
a) it is an avascular fibrous tissue
b) it is osteogenic
c) it covers the articular surfaces of long bones
d) it covers the inner surface of the medullary cavity
e) it receives its blood supply from overlying muscle
b
6) An example of secondary cartilaginous joint include:
a) hip joint
b) manubrio-sternal joint
c) costochondral joint
d) epiphysis joint
e) wrist joint
b
7) An example of a fibrous joint include:
a) structures of the vault of the skull
b) the vertebral columns
c) pubic symphysis
d) hip joint
e) manubrio-sternal joint
a
8) Which of the following peripheral fibres have pain and temperature fibres?
a) α neurone
b) β neurone
c) γ neurone
d) δ neurone
e) group B fibres
d
1) Regarding tissues:
a) cartilage is very vascular
b) ligaments do not stretch
c) deep fascia is not sensitive
d) cardiac muscle is nonstriated
e) periosteum is not sensitive
b
2) An example of a unipennate muscle is:
a) sartorius
b) flexor pollicis longus
c) rectus femoris
d) deltoid
e) tibialis anterior
b
3) An example of a secondary cartilaginous joint is:
a) distal tibiofibular joint
b) costochondral joint
c) sagittal suture
d) sternal angle joint
e) knee joint
d
4) Which vessel is not an end-artery?
a) renal artery
b) retinal artery
c) pulmonary artery
d) intercostal artery
e) splenic artery
d
) A group C nerve fibre:
a) is up to 20 nm in diameter
b) is myelinated
c) has motor function
d) is fusimotor to muscle spindles
e) is post-ganglionic autonomic
e
6) Regarding cartilage, which is INCORRECT?
a) it is essentially avascular
b) hyaline cartilage contains hyaluronic acid
c) rib cartilage is elastic type
d) TMJ is fibrous
e) all contain mucopolysaccharides
c
7) At birth:
a) the transverse diameter of the thorax is thrice the AP diameter
b) the liver is relatively twice as big as that of the adult
c) the suprarenal gland is twice as big as the kidney
d) the spinal cord extends to L5
e) the rib cage is more vertically inclined than in the adult
b
8) In the fetal skull:
a) the vertical height of the orbit is equal to the combined vertical heights of the maxilla and the mandible
b) the mandible is ossified at birth
c) the anterior fontanelle is closed at the end of the first year
d) the volume of the vault is equal to that of the face
e) the bones of the face and the vault ossify at six years
a
9) Regarding the sympathetic nervous system:
a) every spinal nerve receives a white ramus communicans
b) efferent post ganglionic fibres are myelinated
c) afferent sympathetic fibres synapse in the sympathetic trunk
d) preganglionic cell bodies lie within the lateral horn cells of the T1-L2 spinal segments
e) each cervical ganglion gives off one ramus communicans
d
10) Which of the following nerve roots is correctly associated with the corresponding muscle action?
a) L5 – plantar flexion of the foot
b) L2 – knee extension
c) C5 – abduction of the shoulder
d) C8 – abduction of the thumb
e) S1 – extension of the great toe
c
11) In the skin:
a) apocrine sweat glands are confined to the axillae, breasts and urogenital region
b) dark skinned races possess greater numbers of melanocytes
c) sebaceous glands are abundant on the palms and soles
d) melanocytes predominate in the dermis
e) eccrine glands develop under the influence of the sex hormones
a
12) Regarding bone:
a) cancellous and compact bone show marked microscopic differences
b) the clavicle ossifies in membrane
c) the bones of the skull and face ossify in cartilage
d) the epiphyseal plates of growing bones are composed of fibrocartilage
e) sesamoid bones are only associated with flexor tendons
b
- Regarding the ossification centres of the bones of the foot, which is INCORRECT?
a. There are three at birth b. Fifth metatarsus has three ossification centres c. Metatarsals have two centres
b
- Regarding the anatomy of the newborn
a. The liver is relatively small b. The bladder lies within the pelvis c. The facial skeleton is relatively small d. The spinal cord extends to the level of the L4 vertebra e. The maxillary sinus is well developed at birth
c
