Anatomy: forearm and elbow

Question 1

Regarding pronator teres which of the following statements is correct?

a) It forms the lateral border of the cubital fossa
b) It arises from the coronoid process and lateral epicondyle.
c) The Median nerve passes deep to both heads
d) It’s medial border forms the medial boundary of the cubital fossa
e) It is the most lateral of the superficial flexors of the forearm

Answer 1

e

Question 2

Regarding the radial nerve which statement is incorrect?

a) It passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
b) Injury to the radial nerve from fracture of the shaft of the humerus will result in wrist drop
c) Injury to the deep radial nerve in the mid forearm will prevent extension only at the MCPJs
d) Sensory loss from injury to the superficial radial nerve will usually result in loss of sensation over the entire thumb
e) It is the larger terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Regarding the blood supply of the forearm

a) The radial artery is the larger of the terminal branches of the brachial artery
b) The radial artery runs under brachialis as it leaves the cubital fossa
c) The radial artery has just one named branch proximal to the carpal braches
d) Ligation of the radial artery at its origin will significantly reduce blood flow through the posterior interosseous artery.
e) The radial artery has no involvement in the elbow anastomotic network

Answer 3

c

Question 4

The median nerve

a) Supplies flexor carpi ulnaris and half of flexor digitorum profundis
b) Gives rise to most of its braches in the upper arm
c) Gives rise to the common interosseous nerve which divides anterior to the radial head
d) May be compressed between the two heads of pronator teres
e) Enters cubital fossa lateral to the brachial artery

Answer 4

d

Question 5

In regard to the vascular supply of the forearm

a. The posterior interosseous artery ends in the dorsal carpal anastomosis
b. The radial artery crosses the radial nerve distally
c. The ulnar artery supplies the nutrient arteries to both radius and ulna
d. The common interosseous artery is a branch of the radial artery
e. Both anterior and posterior carpal arches lie at the level of the wrist joint

Answer 5

PIA from ventral carpal anastomosis
Common interosseous from ulnar artery
The superfiical branch of the radial artery does cross the nerve…

Answer: C

Question 6

Regarding the cubital fossa

a. The contents are biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve and ulnar nerve
b. The brachial artery divides at the level of the radial neck
c. The roof is formed by the superficial fascia of the forearm
d. The bicipital aponeurosis lies on the lateral side
e. The floor is formed by the biceps muscle

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Muscles supplied by the median nerve include all except

a. Palmaris longus b. Flexor digitorum superficialis c. Adductor pollicis d. Pronator teres e. Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 7

c

Question 8

the contents of the cubital fossa from medial to lateral side includes

a. median nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery
b. biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve
c. median nerve, brachial artery, biceps tendon
d. ulnar nerve, radial artery, biceps tendon
e. ulnar nerve, brachial artery, biceps tendon

Answer 8

C

Question 9

5. Regarding the elbow joint
   a. The medial band of the ulnar collateral is the strongest portion of the ulnar collateral ligament
   b. An increase in the carrying angle can cause ulnar nerve palsy
   c. The capsule of the elbow joint is attached below the coronoid and radial fossae
   d. The distal portion of the capitulum can be seen from the posterior aspect of the humerus
   e. The radial collateral ligament attaches to proximal radius

Answer 9

b

Question 10

6. The elbow joint
   a. Is a fibrocartilaginous joint
   b. Capsule is attached to the radius
   c. Fossae immediately above capitellum and trochlea receive head of radius and coronoid process of humerus respectively
   d. Has a carrying angle of 170 degrees in full extension
   e. Is innervated by the radial nerve

Answer 10

d

Question 11

7. With regard to the median nerve
   a. It crosses posterior to the brachial artery to lie medial in the cubital fossa
   b. Its palmar cutaneous branch arises proximal to the carpal tunnel
   c. It divides into lateral and medial branches distal to the carpal tunnel
   d. It is the sole nerve supply to the flexors of the forearm

Answer 11

c

Question 12

8. Elbow capsule attachments include:
   a. Medial and lateral epicondylar b. Radial head c. Common flexor origin d. Annular ligament of radioulnar joint e. All of the above

Answer 12

d

Question 13

9. The elbow joint
   a. Is supplied exclusively by the radial nerve b. Permits flexion-extension and pronation-supination c. Has a capsule which attaches in part to the radius d. Communicates with the superior radio-ulnar joint e. None of the above

Answer 13

d

Question 14

10. The cephalic vein
    a. Arises in the region of the anatomical snuffbox b. At the elbow is deep to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm c. Terminates by joining the brachial vein d. Is medial to biceps in the arm e. Has no valves

Answer 14

a

Question 15

11. In the antecubital fossa
    a. The ulnar nerve is on the medial side b. The median nerve is lateral to the brachial artery c. The radial nerve is on the lateral side d. All the superficial veins are deep to the cutaneous nerves e. The brachial artery is lateral to the tendon of biceps

Answer 15

c

Question 16

12. Which of the following muscles does NOT arise from the common extensor origin?
    a. Extersor carpi radialis brevis b. Extensor digitorum comminis c. Extensor carpi radialis longus d. Extensor digiti minimi e. Extersor carpi ulnaris

Answer 16

c

Question 17

13. Regarding the cubital fossa
    a. The radial nerve lies medial to the biceps tendon b. The median nerve lies medial to the brachial artery c. Biceps form the lateral border d. The median cephalic vein lies on the bicipital aponeurosis e. Brachioradialis forms the medial border

Answer 17

b

Question 18

14. Regarding the muscles arising from the common flexor origin
    a. Flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris have additional origins b. Flexor carpi radialis is supplied by the radial nerve c. All are supplied by C6, 7 nerve roots d. Flexor carpi ulnaris is supplied by the lateral cord e. The tendon of flexor carpi radialis lies medial to that of palmaris longus

Answer 18

a

Question 19

15. Regarding forearm structures
    a. The common interosseous artery is a branch of the ulnar artery b. The posterior interosseous nerve enters the forearm by passing between the 2 heads of supinator c. The median nerve passes between the two heads of pronator teres d. The anterior interosseous artery perforates the interosseous membrane e. All of the above

Answer 19

e

Question 20

16. Regarding the elbow joint
    a. The capsule is not attached to the radius b. The head of the radius articulates with the trochlea c. The joint is supplied by the musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves only d. The carrying angle is due to the lower trochlear margin medially e. The radial collateral ligament has three bands

Answer 20

a

Question 21

17. In the cubital fossa, which is correct
    a. Posterior interosseous nerve lies lateral to radial nerve b. Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm lies medial to basilic vein

Answer 21

b

Question 22

18. Regarding the attachment of flexor digitorum profundus

a. Olecranon and anterior surface of radius b. It is the strongest forearm muscle

Answer 22

b

Question 23

19. Regarding lymphatic drainage of the arm
    a. Superficial lymphatics follow volar aspect
    b. Superficial lymphatics travel with arteries
    c. Deep lymphatics travel with veins
    d. The hand drains into apical lymph nodes in the axilla

Answer 23

c

Question 24

25. In the cubital fossa;
    a. The median nerve lies lateral to the brachial artery b. The ulnar artery lies superficial to pronator teres c. The radial artery originates from the brachial artery d. The radial nerve lies medial to the biceps tendon e. The nerve to pronator teres is derived from the radial nerve

Answer 24

c

Question 25

26. The deepest structure in the mid-forearm is

a. Median nerve b. Basilic vein c. Radial artery d. Flexor pollicis longus e. Ulnar nerve

Answer 25

d

Question 26

27. palmaris longus
    a. is absent in 40% of people b. originally was an extensor of the MCP joints c. arises from the medial epicondyle d. inserts into the pisiform e. is supplied by the radial nerve

Answer 26

c

Question 27

28. flexor digitorum profundus;
    a. has its action enhanced by wrist extension b. is supplied 10% of the time entirely by the ulnar nerve c. partly inserts into the flexor retinaculum d. assists pronator quadratus in powerful pronation e. all of the above

Answer 27

a

Question 28

29. the radial artery
    a. lies on the brachioradialis in the upper forearm b. in its medial third has the radial nerve medial to it c. forms both the anterior and posterior carpal arches d. passes between the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis e. all of the above

Answer 28

c