GENERAL ANATOMY Flashcards
Study of the masticatory system, its physiology, functional disturbances, and treatment
A. Gnathology
B. Deglutition
C. Masticatology
D. Orthodontics
E. Physiology
A. Gnathology
This is the outermost skin layer
A. Epidermis
B. Epididymis
C. Epistaxis
D. Dermis
A. Epidermis
This structure pierces the buccinator
A. Facial nerve
B. Parotid duct
C. Inferior alveolar nerve
D. Wharton’s duct
E. Maxillary artery
B. Parotid duct
Which of the following structures is a major lymphoid organ?
A. Spleen
B. Bone marrow
C. Tonsils
D. Lymph nodes
B. Bone marrow
A patient comes to the emergency room presenting with jaundice and intense pain in the
upper abdomen and between the shoulder blades. The physician suspects choledocholithiasis
that is caused by cholesterol stones formed in the organ that stores and concentrates the bile.
A. Stomach
B. Pancreas
C. Liver
D. Gall bladder
D. Gall bladder
This is the passageway of food to stomach.
A. Esophagus
B. Pharynx
C. Trachea
D. Intestine
E. Anus
A. Esophagus
A technique used in emergency situations to open the airway of a patient whenever there is
an airway obstruction
A. Thryotomy
B. Cricothyrotomy
C. Thoracotomy
D. Thyroidotomy
B. Cricothyrotomy
Which is NOT a branch of the maxillary artery?
A. Deep temporal
B. Middle meningeal
C. Inferior alveolar
D. Superficial temporal
E. Posterior superior alveolar
D. Superficial temporal
The walls of the blood vessels are composed of 3 layers. Which of the following is the
outermost layer, with collagen and elastin?
A. Tunica intima
B. Tunica adventitia
C. Tunica media
D. Tunica albuginea
B. Tunica adventitia
What is the main prominent feature of duodenum?
A. Brunner’s glands
B. Plicae circulares
C. Peyer’s patche
D. Rugae
A. Brunner’s glands
OU
A. Left eye
B. Right eye
C. Both eyes
D. None
C. Both eyes
In a maxillary removable partial denture, a rest is usually placed on the lingual surface of an
anterior tooth (usually the canine) to dissipate the occlusal load during function. What is the
anterior border of the maxillary denture?
A. Cingulum
B. Incisal edge
C. Upper lip
D. Labial frenum
D. Labial frenum
In the human cell, where is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Mitochondria
E. Golgi complex
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
This pulls the tongue superiorly (elevate) and posteriorly (retract)
A. Genioglossus
B. Palatoglossus
C. Styloglossus
D. Hyoglossus
C. Styloglossus
What are the gonads?
A. Lungs
B. Heart
C. Brain
D. Testes and ovaries
D. Testes and ovaries
The thoracic duct extends from the upper part of the abdomen to the base of the neck
where it ends in the ________
A. Subclavian artery
B. Superior vena cava
C. Junction of the external and internal jugular veins
D. Junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
D. Junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
This retracts and elevates, and inserts into the coronoid process.
A. Temporalis
B. Internal pterygoid
C. Masseter
D. External pterygoid
A. Temporalis
What is the lobe of cerebrum for hearing?
A. Temporal lobe
B. Occipital lobe
C. Frontal lobe
D. Parietal lobe
A. Temporal lobe
It is biconcave, no nucleus, and responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.
A. Monocyte
B. Macrophage
C. Platelet
D. Erythrocyte
E. Cell
D. Erythrocyte
Which cranial nerve from the submandibular ganglion has presynaptic parasympathetic
neurons?
A. Trigeminal
B. Facial
C. Hypoglossal
D. Vagus
B. Facial
Which of the following muscles of the neck separate the anterior and posterior triangles?
A. Digastric muscles
B. Mylohyoid
C. Omohyoid
D. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Sternocleidomastoid
Positioning your hand where the palm is facing forward or upward.
A. Prone
B. Supine
C. Inversion
D. Extension
B. Supine
It is a narrow cleft, passage of vessels.
A. Fissure
B. Fovea
C. Foramen
D. Sulcus
A. Fissure
The meninges protect the brain and spinal cord and it is composed of 3 layers: the dura
mater, arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Where does the middle meningeal artery pass
through?
A. Foramen ovale
B. Foramen spinosum
C. Superior orbital fissue
D. Foramen rotundum
E. Foramen lacerum
B. Foramen spinosum
This is the union of internal jugular and subclavian veins.
A. Superior vena cava
B. Brachiocephalic
C. Pulmonary
D. Cephalic
E. Azygos
B. Brachiocephalic
What is the shape of the bregma?
A. Diamond
B. Triangular
C. Inverted triangular
D. Rhombus
E. Circular
A. Diamond
Bilateral contraction of which muscles protrude the mandible?
A. Lateral pterygoid
B. Digastric
C. Buccinator
D. Temporalis
E. Mylohyoid
A. Lateral pterygoid
The mitral valve is in between the ________
A. Right atrium and left atrium
B. Left ventricle and right ventricle
C. Right atrium and right ventricle
D. Left ventricle and left atrium
D. Left ventricle and left atrium
Which of the following nerves does NOT branch out within the pterygopalatine fossa?
A. Sphenopalatine nerves
B. Middle meningeal nerve
C. Posterior superior alveolar nerve
D. Zygozomatic nerve
B. Middle meningeal nerve
The splenic artery is a branch of which main artery?
A. Celiac
B. Left hepatic
C. Left gastric
D. Musculophrenic
E. Superior mesenteric
A. Celiac
The distal portion of the duodenum receives arterial supply from the inferior
pancreaticoduodenal artery from the _____________
A. Celiac trunk
B. Gastroduodenal artery
C. Superior mesenteric artery
D. Inferior mesenteric artery
C. Superior mesenteric artery
What bone is not found on the floor of the orbit?
A. Maxillary
B. Ethmoid
C. Palatine
D. Zygomatic
B. Ethmoid
Where is the popliteal vein located?
A. Posterior part of the knee
B. Antecubital area
C. Anterior part of the elbow
D. Wrist
A. Posterior part of the knee
Which of the following does not supply the TMJ?
A. Inner maxillary artery
B. External carotid
C. Arteries of the pterygoid muscle
D. Facial artery
D. Facial artery
Which of the following small vessels can rupture and this, is the most common vessel
involved in stroke?
A. Anterior communicating artery
B. Lenticulostriate artery
C. Circle of Willis
D. Coronary artery
B. Lenticulostriate artery
What type of lens correct the defect in focus called hyperopia?
A. Concave
B. Cylindrical
C. Convex
D. A & B
E. None
C. Convex
The lacrimal gland is innervated by?
A. CN V1
B. CN V2
C. CN V3
D. CN III
A. CN V1
The opening of the rima glottidis is done by?
A. Posterior cricoarytenoid
B. Lateral cricoarytenoid
C. Oblique arytenoid
D. Vocalis
A. Posterior cricoarytenoid
Fontanelles of the fetal skull hardens through
A. Endochondral bone ossification
B. Intramembranous bone ossification
C. Ligament ankylosis
D. All of the above
B. Intramembranous bone ossification
Cyclic DNA has been found in or associated with which of the following organelles?
A. Centriole
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondrion
This is the organ with most permeable capillaries.
A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Kidney
C. Liver
The hepatic triad consists of:
A. Central vein, hepatic vein, bile duct
B. Portal vein, bile duct, hepatic artery
C. Portal vein, bile canaliculi, hepatic vein
D. Central vein, bile canaliculi, Hepatic artery
E. Hepatic artery, hepatic vein, bile duct
B. Portal vein, bile duct, hepatic artery
Lymph from tip of tongue and mandibular incisor drains initially into which nodes?
A. Parotid
B. Submandibular
C. Submental
D. Deep cervical
C. Submental
The lymph from most of the dental and periodontal tissues drains initially into the ________
A. Parotid
B. Submental
C. Submandibular
D. Anterior auricular
E. Superficial cervical
C. Submandibular
The pharyngeal plexus innervates the following muscles, except?
A. Palatoglossus
B. Tensor veli palatini
C. Salpingopharynegus
D. Levator veli, palatine
B. Tensor veli palatini
Which are found in the left hypochondriac region?
A. Liver and gall bladder
B. Ascending colon and right kidney
C. Stomach, liver, pancreas
D. Sigmoid colon, small intestine
C. Stomach, liver, pancreas
What is the gap that separates the condylar process from the coronoid process?
A. Mandibular notch
B. Jugular notch
C. Mandibular fossa
D. Articular eminence
A. Mandibular notch
It is a hard tissue covered by periosteum.
A. Compact bone
B. Cartilage
C. Trabecular
D. Spongy bone
A. Compact bone
The ridge that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi is
the ____________
A. Carina
B. Lingula
C. Mediastinum
D. Bronchial tree
A. Carina
What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
A. Terminal bronchioles and trachea
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchi
A. Terminal bronchioles and trachea
What is a trochanter?
A. small, rounded process
B. large, rounded, roughened process
C. large, blunt projection
D. sharp, slender, projecting
C. large, blunt projection
This is a shallow, wide, groove on the surface of a bone.
A. Sulcus
B. Fissure
C. Incisure
D. Foramen
A. Sulcus
Which of the following muscles form lateral boundaries of the isthmus of the fauces?
A. Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
B. Palatoglossus and tensor veli palatini
C. Palatoglossus and levator veli palatini
D. Palatoglossus and medial pterygoid
A. Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
The articulating surfaces of the entire TMJ are covered primarily by __________
A. hyaline
B. elastic
C. vascular fibrous tissue
D. fibrous or fibrocartilaginous
D. fibrous or fibrocartilaginous
In the fetus, the ductus venosus conveys blood from the __________
A. pulmonary vein to the aorta
B. right atrium to the left atrium
C. pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein
D. umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
E. superior vena cava to the pulmonary vein
D. umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
What is the inner layer of the zona reticularis?
A. cortex of the thymus
B. medulla of the thymus
C. cortex of the suprarenal
D. medulla of the suprarenal
C. cortex of the suprarenal
The secremotor supply of the parotid gland is through the _________
A. Submandibular ganglion
B. Otic ganglion
C. Gasserian ganglion
D. Geniculate ganglion
B. Otic ganglion
Which of the following hormones is secreted by anterior pituitary cells that stain with acidic
dyes?
A. ACTH
B. FSH
C. Prolactin
D. LH
E. TSH
C. Prolactin
Deoxygenated blood from the transverse sinus drains into the ________
A. Inferior sagittal sinus
B. Confluence of sinus
C. Sigmoid sinus
D. Straight sinus
E. Internal jugular vein
C. Sigmoid sinus
Brachial plexus
A. C1-C8
B. T1-T12
C. C8-T1
D. C5-T1
E. C5-T4
D. C5-T1
A 23-year-old woman went to your office for an emergency after being hit on the right side
of the face with a volleyball. She complained that a certain lower molar feels sensitive. You
decide to take a periapical radiograph of her lower molars. Relaxation of which patient’s
muscles would aid you in taking the radiograph?
A. Geniohyoid
B. Stylohyoid
C. Mylohyoid
D. Levator veli palatini
E. Palatopharyngeus
C. Mylohyoid
During root canal treatment of 46, you decide to do an inferior alveolar nerve block, which
of the following ligaments is most likely damaged during administration of the block?
A. Sphenomandibular
B. Stylomandibular
C. Temporomandibular
D. Interdental
A. Sphenomandibular
This is considered a primary TMJ ligament
A. Stylomandibular
B. Sphenomandibular
C. Stylohyoid
D. Temporomandibular
D. Temporomandibular
The cricopharyngeus
A. is a parasymphathetic stimulator of peristalsis
B. is a sympathetic inhibitor of peristalsis
C. prevents swallowing air at the pharyngeal end
D. prevents regurgitation of stomach contents at the abdominal end
E. controls gag reflex
C. prevents swallowing air at the pharyngeal end
Osteocytes are located in
A. Canaliculi
B. Lacunae
C. Lamellae
D. Trabeculae
B. Lacunae
This is associated with the secondary immune response.
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgE
E. IgD
A. IgG
The pancreas is enveloped at its head by the ____ part of the duodenum?
A. 1st
B. 2nd
C. 3rd
D. 4th
E. None, it does not envelope
A. 1st
Which of the following passes through the diaphragm through the esophageal opening?
A. Aorta
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Azygos vein
D. Posterior and anterior vagal trunks
E. Splanchnic nerves
D. Posterior and anterior vagal trunks
The masticatory mucosa is lined by _______
A. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
B. Non-keratinized squamous epithelium
C. Keratinized simple squamous epithelium
D. Non-keratinized simple squamous epithelium
A. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What muscle raises your tongue?
A. Hyoglossus
B. Genioglossus
C. Palatoglossus
D. Glossopharyngeus
C. Palatoglossus
In the circulatory system, where is blood pressure the lowest?
A. Aorta
B. Veins
C. Arterioles
D. Capillaries
E. Large arteries
B. Veins
Which of the following is a cytoplasmic inclusion?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Free ribosome
D. Mitochondria
E. Glycogen
E. Glycogen
Anatomically, the incisive foramen is located in which bone?
A. Sphenoid
B. Palatine
C. Maxilla
D. Ethmoid
C. Maxilla
The connective tissue sheath that surrounds the muscle as a whole and is synonymous with
the gross anatomical deep fascia is the _________
A. Epimysium
B. Endomysium
C. Perimysium
D. Periosteum
E. Perichondrium
A. Epimysium
What is the terminal branch of the internal carotid artery?
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
C. A & B
D. None of the above
C. A & B
Which has greatest resistance to substances attempting to move between cells?
A. Gap junction
B. Zonula occludens
C. Zonula adherens
D. Macula adherens
E. Fascia adherens
B. Zonula occludens
Which is true about the angle of Louis?
A. It is the attachment of the stylomandibular ligament.
B. It is the attachment of the first costochondral joint.
C. It is found at the jugular notch.
D. It is found between the manubrium and the gladiolus.
E. It is the sternal angle at the sternoxiphoid joint.
D. It is found between the manubrium and the gladiolus.
All of the following carpal bones are distally located, except?
A. Trapezium
B. Triquetral
C. Trapezoid
D. Capitate
B. Triquetral
The growth hormone of the pituitary gland is produced by ____________
A. Basophils
B. Acidophils
C. Chromophobe cells
D. All chromophil cells
B. Acidophils
In which part of your body is the production of bile?
A. Kupffer cells of the liver
B. the gall bladder
C. the hepatic duct
D. the common bile duct
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
The most important organelle or component of a cell for oxidative process is the _________
A. Nucleus
B. Nucleolus
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi complex
E. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Mitochondria
When a patient attempts to protrusion, the mandible deviates markedly to the right. The
muscles that is unable to contract are the?
A. left temporalis
B. right temporalis
C. right medial pterygoid
D. right lateral pterygoid
E. left lateral pterygoid
D. right lateral pterygoid
Which is the macula densa?
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Bowman capsule
D. Collecting duct
E. Loop of Henle
A. Distal convoluted tubule
Rotator cuff muscles include the:
A. Teres major
B. Supraspinatus
C. Infraspinatus
D. B & C
E. All of the above
D. B & C
Which of the following muscles attached to the median pharyngeal raphe?
A. Lateral pterygoid
B. Palatopharyngeus
C. Levator veli palatini
D. Salpingopharyngeus
E. Superior constrictor
E. Superior constrictor
