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Emma Micro > General Abx > Flashcards

General Abx Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins MOA

A

-bind transpeptidases which cross link cell walls –> autolysis (bactericidal)

+ dysregulation of autolysins

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2
Q

Natural penicillins

A

penicillin G

penicillin VK

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3
Q

Antistaphyloccocal penicillins

A

oxacillin
nafcillin
dicloxacillin

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4
Q

aminopenicillins

A

amoxicillin

ampicillin

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5
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins

A

tircacillin

pipercillin

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6
Q

B-lactams

A

carbapenems
aztreonam
cephalosporins

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7
Q

B-lactams MOA

A 
sim to penicillin 
bind transpeptidases (PBPs) in bac cell wall --> prevent cross-linking) --> exposure of less stable membrane --> cell lysis

dysregulation of autolysins –> autolysis

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8
Q

vancomycin

A

glycopeptide

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9
Q

daptomycin

A

lipopeptide

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10
Q

quinolones

A

ciprofloxacin
levofloxaxin
moxifloxican
norfloxacin

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11
Q

vancomycin

MOA

A

inhibits cell wall formation via binding D-ala-D-ala –> prevents cross-linking –> cell death (bactericidal)

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12
Q

daptomycin MOA

A

binds to cell membrane and forms K+ chan –> cell death

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13
Q

Quinolones MOA

A

inhibit DNA synth enzymes

gyrase, topoisomerase) –> cell death (bactericidal

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14
Q

nitrofurantoin MOA

A

bactericidal

use: UTIs
* rarely used

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15
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors

A 
aminoglycosides
macrolides
tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
clindamycin
linezolid 
streptogramins
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16
Q

macrolides

A

azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin

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17
Q

aminoglycosides

A 
gentamicin 
neomycin
amikacin 
tobramycin
streptomycin
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18
Q

aminoglycosides MOA

A

bind 30S, block protein synthesis initiation –> cell death (bactericidal)

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19
Q

macrolides MOA

A

bind 50S, block translocation of tRNA

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20
Q

tetracyclines MOA

A

bind 30S, prevents attach of tRNA

21
Q

tetracyclines

A

tetracycline
docycycline
demeclocycline
minocycline

22
Q

linezolid

A

bind 50S, block protein synthesis initiation

23
Q

streptogramins

A

bind 50S, block protein synthesis

24
Q

sulfonamides

A

sulfamethoxazole
sulfaisoxanole
sulfadiazine

25
Q

sulfonamides MOA

A

inhibit dihydropteroate synthae via mimicking PABA

26
Q

bactrim

A

sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

27
Q

metrodiazole MOA

A

forms toxic free radical metabolites in bac cell wall –> direct damage to DNA (reduction of nitro group) –> bactericidal

anaerobes BELOW diaphragm

28
Q

carbapenems MOA

A

similar to penicilln

+ RESISTANT to cleavage by most B-lactamases

29
Q

carbapenem

A

imipenem
meropenem
ertapenem
doripenem

30
Q

cephalosporins - 1st gen

A

cefazolin, cephalexin

31
Q

cephalosporins - 2nd gen

A

cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotetan

32
Q

cephalosporins - 3rd gen

A

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime

33
Q

cephalosporins - 4th gen

A

cefepime

ceftaroline

34
Q

cell wall synthesis abx

A 
vancomycin
bacitracin
penicillins 
cephalosporins
monobactams
carbapenems
35
Q

folic acid metabolism abx

A

trimethoprim

sulfonamides

36
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors (50S)

A 
macrocodes
chloramphenicol
clindamycin
linezolid
streptogramins
37
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors (30S)

A

tetracyclines

aminoglycosides

38
Q

penicillin resistance

A
  1. beta-lactamase
  2. alteration of target site (low affinity PBPs)
  3. dec penetration to target site (gram - bacilli w/ outer membrane)
39
Q

cephalosporins resistance

A

b-lactamases

40
Q

vancomycin resistance

A

D-ala –> D-lact

enterococci

41
Q

tetracyclines resistance

A

alteration of target site or active efflux

42
Q

aminoglycosides resistance

A

bacterial enzyme inactivation

43
Q

macrolides resistance

A
  1. efflux

2. target site alteration (methylation of bacterial rRNA)

44
Q

clindamycin resistance

A
  1. efflux

2. target site modification

45
Q

fluroquinolones resistance

A
  1. prevent drug access (active efflux pumps)

2. alter target (mutations in gyrase enzyme)

46
Q

sulfonamides resistance

A
  1. dec permeability
  2. target enz w/ dec affinity (mut in dihydropteroate synthetase/dihydrofolate reductase)
  3. drug efflux
  4. PABA over-production
47
Q

30S

A

aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

48
Q

50S

A 
macrocodes
chloramphenicol
clindamycin
linezolid 
streptogramins

Emma Micro (12 decks)

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