General 4 Flashcards
severe dysarthria and bilateral voluntary paralysis of lower cranial nerves
anterior operculum (bilateral)
lamotrigine causes this birth defect
cleft lip/palate
prevalence of illness anxiety disorder
1-5%
rate of suicide in PTSD
20%
hemiplegic migraine caused by mutations in
Ca channel
post modern therapy
how to get out of problem, rather than how they got into it
experiential Humanist approach to therapy
helps the pt get out of a persistent narrow role by encouraging connective emotional experiences in the here and now
common ADHD scales
SNAP-IV, Vanderbilt, Conners
how does pregabalin work?
Ca channel antagonist
clonidine MOA
presynaptic alpha-2 receptors
dopamine receptor hypothesis (SCZ)
increased receptor density and occupancy
mirtazapine MOA
alpha-2 and 5-HT antagonist
buspirone MOA
5HT-1A partial agonist at postsynaptic receptors; D2,D3,D4 presynaptic antagonist; alpha 1 partial agonist
drawing conclusions without enough evidence
arbitrary inference
taking one bad event and letting it color your whole experience
selective abstraction
depression and REM sleep
increased REM latency, INCREASED REM total, reversal of REM to early in night
conditioning that stimulus paired with reward or punishment
operant
conditioning that involves pairing conditioned stimulus (bell–neutral) with unconditioned stimulus (food)
classical; unconditioned response is salivation
how many sx for panic attacks?
4
gender most affected in lithium induced hypothyroidism
women
sumatriptan MOA
5-HT1D and 5-HT1B agonist
common with ASD
anxiety disorders
pain fibers involved in acupuncture and TMS
A-delta fibers
conduct first pain
A-delta fibers
conduct second pain (dull)
C fibers
large fibers that transmit touch
A-beta fibers
who described triangulation?
Murray Bowen
age assoc with somatic sx disorder
older
treatment for kleptomania
SSRIs and lithium
when to intervene for carotid stenosis
symptomatic: 70%; asymptomatic 80%
EMG: “dive bomber” battern
myoclonic dystrophy
EMG: small short unit potentials
myositis or myopathy
EMG: decreased recruitment in a segmental pattern
radiculopathy
polymyositis vs inclusion body myositis
poly has PROXIMAL weakness
rate limiting step in dopamine synthesis
tyrosine hydroxylase
converts tyrosin to L dopa
tyrosine hydroxylase
converts L dopa to dopamine
dopamin decarboxylase
converts dopamine to NE
dopamine beta hydroxylase
converts NE to epinephrine
PNMT
Ganser’s syndrome
form of malingering by “talking past the point”
learned helplessness developed by
Martin Seligman
tropical spastic paresis
progressive myelopathy associated with HTLV-1
amphetamines in urine
48 hrs
alcohol in urine
12 hours
therapy for trichotillomania and tics
habit reversal therapy
sleep changes in elderly
less REM total (shorter, more frequent episodes); decreased amplitude of NREM
criteria for late onset SCZ
45 yrs
RLS sx must last how long
3 months
longest half-life of non BZD hypnotic
Lunesta (eszopiclone) 6 hrs
shortest half life of non BZD hypnotic
Sonata (zaleplon) 1 hr